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Daily Dawn Newspaper English Vocabulary with Urdu Meaning
September 07, 2020

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Rudimentary (adjective) اصولی، بنیادی، نامکمل

involving or limited to basic principles.
Example: “he received a rudimentary education”
Synonyms: basic, elementary, introductory, early, primary, initial, first, fundamental, essential
Antonyms: advanced

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Shoddy (adjective) گمراہ کن،بے ہودہ، نقلی، گھٹیا

badly made or done.
Example: “we’re not paying good money for shoddy goods”
Synonyms: poor-quality, inferior, second-rate, third-rate, low-grade, cheap, cheapjack, tawdry
Antonyms: well made, careful

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Calamity (noun) المیہ، آفت، سانحہ

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.
Example: “emergency measures may be necessary in order to avert a calamity”
Synonyms: disaster, catastrophe, tragedy, cataclysm, devastating blow, crisis, adversity, blight, tribulation
Antonyms: godsend, blessing

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Subterfuge (noun) حجلت، حیلہ، عذر

deceit used in order to achieve one’s goal.
Example: “he had to use subterfuge and bluff on many occasions”
Synonyms: trickery, intrigue, deviousness, evasion, deceit, deception, dishonesty, cheating
Antonyms: honesty, openness

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Obfuscate (verb) تاریک کرنا، دھندلا کرنا

make obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
Example: “the spelling changes will deform some familiar words and obfuscate their etymological origins”
Synonyms: obscure, confuse, make obscure/unclear, blur, muddle, jumble, complicate, garble
Antonyms: clarify

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Trickery (noun) فریب، جعلسازی، دھوکہ دہی

the practice of deception.
Example: “the dealer resorted to trickery”
Synonyms: deception, deceit, dishonesty, cheating, duplicity, double-dealing, legerdemain, sleight of hand
Antonyms: honesty, candour

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Illegitimate (adjective) ناجائز ، خلاف قانون

not authorized by the law; not in accordance with accepted standards or rules.
Example: “defending workers against illegitimate managerial practices”
Synonyms: illegal, unlawful, illicit, against the law, criminal, lawbreaking, actionable, felonious
Antonyms: legitimate, lawful

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Malicious (adjective) دل کا برا، حاسد

characterized by malice; intending or intended to do harm.
Example: “he was found guilty of malicious damage”
Synonyms: spiteful, malevolent, hostile, bitter, venomous, poisonous, evil-intentioned, ill-natured
Antonyms: benevolent

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Endure (verb) برداشت، زندہ رہنا، اذیت سہنا

suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently.
Example: “it seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain”
Synonyms: undergo, go through, live through, experience, meet, encounter, cope with
Antonyms: fade, short-lived

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Sprawl (verb) بے ڈھنگے انداز سے بدن کا پھیلنا

sit, lie, or fall with one’s arms and legs spread out in an ungainly way.
Example: “the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement”
Synonyms: stretch out, lounge, loll, lie, lie down, lie back, recline, drape oneself, be recumbent
Antonyms: contain, limit, restrict

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