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Daily Dawn Newspaper English Vocabulary with Urdu Meaning
September 20, 2021

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Cognizant (adjective) آگاہ، واقف، باخبر، محرم ہونا

having knowledge or awareness.
Example: “statesmen must be cognizant of the political boundaries within which they work”
Synonyms: aware, conscious, apprised, abreast, sensible of/to, alive to, sensitive to
Antonyms: unaware, ignorant, uninformed

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Ancient (adjective) قدیم، بڑی عمر کا آدمی، پرانا

belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence.
Example: “the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean”
Synonyms: of long ago, earliest, first, early, past, former, bygone, prehistoric
Antonyms: recent, contemporary

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Impetus (noun) قوت، دھکا، محرک

the force or energy with which a body moves.
Example: “hit the booster coil before the flywheel loses all its impetus”
Synonyms: momentum, propulsion, impulsion, impelling force, motive force, driving force
Antonyms: quickly, counterincentive, disincentive

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Envisage (verb) گمان کرنا، تصور کرنا، سوچنا

contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event.
Example: “the Rome Treaty envisaged free movement across frontiers”
Synonyms: foresee, predict, forecast, foretell, anticipate, expect, think likely, envision
Antonyms: disregard, ignore

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Nonetheless (adverb) پھر بھی، تاہم

in spite of that; nevertheless.
Example: “it was the barest of welcomes, but it was a welcome nonetheless”
Synonyms: in spite of that/everything, nevertheless, even so, however, but, still, yet, though,
Antonyms: consequently, hence, subsequently

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Prohibitive (adjective) ممنوع، امتناعی مانع

(of a law or rule) forbidding or restricting something.
Example: “prohibitive legislation”
Synonyms: proscriptive, prohibitory, restrictive, suppressive, repressive, restraining, inhibitory
Antonyms: cheap, inexpensive, moderate

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Speculation (noun) قیاس، سٹہ بازی

the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
Example: “there has been widespread speculation that he plans to quit”
Synonyms: conjecture, theorizing, hypothesizing, supposition, guesswork, talk, theory
Antonyms: truth, ignorance, measurement, neglect

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Exacerbate (verb) شدید تر کرنا، خفا کرنا، بدتر کرنا

make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.
Example: “the exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem”
Synonyms: aggravate, make worse, worsen, inflame, compound, intensify, increase, heighten
Antonyms: calm, reduce

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Scathing (adjective) سخت تنقید کا نشانہ بنانا

witheringly scornful; severely critical.
Example: “she launched a scathing attack on the Prime Minister”
Synonyms: devastating, withering, blistering, extremely critical, coruscating, searing, scorching
Antonyms: mild, gentle, complimentary

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Orchestrate (verb) منصوبہ بندی کرنا، ترکیب بنانا

arrange or score (music) for orchestral performance.
Example: “the song cycle was stunningly arranged and orchestrated”
Synonyms: arrange, adapt, score, instrument
Antonyms: disperse, divide, separate

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