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October 27 The darkest day in Kashmir’s history | CSS Essay Material

By: Muhammad Zahid Rifat

October 27 is the darkest day in the history of Kashmir. Kashmiris on both sides of the Line of Control (LoC), in Pakistan and around the world as well as all the human rights organisations here, there and everywhere observe October 27 every year like this year as the blackest day of their history.

It was on this day, back in 1947, India had airlifted its forces and occupied the valley of Jammu and Kashmir after Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh, through an illegal instrument, had announced accession to India. One can sell land but not the people living on that land. But the Hindu Maharaja had sold the people of the valley of Jammu and Kashmir and the international community remained a silent witness to this wholesale selling of the Kashmiris then, and continues to look the other way even now.

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World Statistics Day | CSS Essay Material

By: Ch Sajid Rasul

This article will be helpful for CSS English Essays, Current Affairs, United Nation Days and International Relations

“On this first World Statistics Day, I encourage the international community to work with the United Nations to enable all countries to meet their statistical needs.” Ban Ki Moon on World Statistics Day, 2010.

The modern growth of digital data sources escalated the demand for statistical literacy. It is now an unquestioned and accepted truth of life that we live in a world dominated by science and technology and that this inevitably requires a workforce and members of society, in general, to be more scientifically literate and numerate. Without having the right statistical care no one organisation can better utilise their statistics for proper planning and running of their businesses. Public sector organisations rely heavily on accurate statistics to make timely decisions regarding budgets, public policy, programme implementation, and general organisation priorities.

To promote the importance of statistics and statistical literacy around the world, the United Nations Statistical Commission celebrates a World Statistics Day in global collaborative endeavour after five years. The first World Statistics Day was celebrated on October 20, 2010 with the theme “Service, professionalism, integrity: celebrating the many contributions and achievements of official statistics”. On June 3, 2015 the United Nations General Assembly designated October 20 2015 as the second World Statistics Day and decided to celebrate the day every five years on October 20. The second day was celebrated with the theme “Better data, better lives”.

This third World Statistics Day is being celebrated around the globe on October 20, 2020 with the theme “connecting the world with data we can trust”. This theme reflects on the importance of trust, authoritative data, innovation, and the public good in national/regional statistical systems. The Statistics Division of the United Nations Department of Economic Affairs is the global coordinator of the campaign, defining global key messages and making outreach resources to countries and other partners available through this website.

The role of statistical institutions in promoting statistics and statistical literacy always remain exceptional at the federal and provincial levels in Pakistan. The Bureau of Statistics Punjab, as the premier statistical agency of the province contributes to promote the vision and scope of World Statistics Day every time. The Bureau of Statistics (BoS), Government of the Punjab is the hub of statistical data activity in the province and is responsible for the collection, processing, and dissemination of statistical data through periodic publications and electronic media. BoS, Punjab is an attached department of the Planning and Development Department. The functions of BoS, as standardised by the National Statistical Council, are to carry out provincial-level data collection, to coordinate and support statistical activities across the province, to liaise with the Federal Statistical System, to act as Provincial Electronic Data Processing Agency for various provincial departments and to prepare and disseminate provincial indicators by collecting information through institutional sources as well as by conducting new censuses/surveys.

In this regard, BoS Punjab has planned to celebrate the World Statistics Day 2020 by spreading statistical literacy through conducting a symposium on the theme of World Statistics Day 2020 and poster presentations to policymakers and researchers. The symposium is arranged to be held at the Planning and Development Board, Lahore on October 20, 2020. Participants would include senior officers from the P&D Board, Provincial Statistical Cells, and renowned academicians. The Minister of Finance Punjab, Mr Makhdoom Hashim Jawan Bakht, will be the chief guest on the occasion. A poster presentation, related to the Theme of World Statistics Day 2020, will be arranged at BoS Headquarters Johar Town on October 21, 2020.

The mission statement of BoS states, “To develop and harness capable human resources, build a dynamic organization, develop proactive planning and client feedback system, enhance collection sophistication & integrity of data and increase simplicity & user-friendliness of statistical outputs.” The vision states, “The Bureau of Statistics, Punjab strives to be the leading statistical agency of the province, providing accurate, relevant, timely and user-friendly data whilst ensuring professionalism, transparency and integrity.”

The field of statistics is the science of learning from data. Statistical knowledge helps to use the proper methods, collect data, employ the correct analyses, and effectively present the results. Statistics is a crucial process behind how we make discoveries in science, make decisions based on data, and make predictions. Statistics allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.

The increasing demand for more and better statistics has brought to the front position the importance of statistics as a strategic resource for national and international development. Statistics are now recognised internationally as part of the enabling environment for development, and constitute an essential element in improving the ability of the government to develop appropriate policies, manage the economy and social development reform policies, monitor improvements in the living standards of the people and report back this progress to the public using solid pieces of evidence. According to the World Bank, good quality statistical data are needed to manage results, to set targets and monitor outcomes, to design development policies and strategies, to make evidence-based decisions about the allocation and management of the scarce resource.

Good decisions on effective policies, services, and behaviours require timely, accurate, and relevant information. Yet there is a striking disconnect between the need for information and the ability to respond to that need. To collect, collate, analyse, and communicate the necessary information in a timely and understandable fashion requires organised processes and procedures.

If nothing was uncertain we would not need statistics.

Since nearly everything varies in some fashion, we need a way to describe and work with that variability. We already know this and we know about statistics as being the right set of tools. Yet we hesitate, avoid, and refuse to pick up the appropriate tool. We learned and practiced using data collection, measurement error calculations, hypothesis testing, statistical process control, and design of experiments as part of our work.

Please encourage and support the use of statistics.

Basically, expect the use of statistics to design, conduct, and analyse experiments. Do experiments to learn and reduce uncertainty.

We would say, “Let the data talk.”


Courtesy: The Nation


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Importance of English in Civil Service Exams

By: Muhammad Shahram Bhutto

The English Language is a vital tool for communication across the globe. It is not only a means of exchanging thoughts and ideas, but it builds friendships, economic relationships and cultural ties. But the way English language is supplanting over others languages of the world is unprecedented. In the subcontinent, English is widely taught in the entire region as its rising significance in the education system of such countries where English is even important than their own national languages which depicts why the young generation is crazy and feverish to learn English language.

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The future of Israel and Palestine | CSS Essay, International Relations, Current Affairs Notes

The future of Israel and Palestine | CSS Essay, International Relations, Current Affairs Notes

By: Dr James J. Zogby

This article (The future of Israel and Palestine) will be helpful for CSS Essay, Current Affairs and International Relations

In the weeks following the signing of agreements between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain, I was struck by some of the commentary by Israeli and Palestinian writers and analysts. While the views expressed by each side were polar opposites and equally hyperbolic, they were both wildly wrong.

For their part, the Israelis were busy trying to convince themselves that this marked the “beginning of the end of the Israeli-Arab conflict” or the start of “a wave of Arab support that will bury the Palestinian issue, once and for all,” thus securing Israel’s role in the Middle East. Meanwhile, Palestinian commentators, using similar exaggerated language, were lamenting ‘the obliteration of the Palestinian issue’ or ‘the burying of Palestine.’

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Reinventing the Afghan-Pakistan region | CSS Essay Material

Reinventing the Afghan-Pakistan region

By: Imran Malik

The Afghanistan-Pakistan Region (APR), a subset of the South-Central Asian Region (SCAR), is undergoing a colossal paradigm shift. Massive changes are afoot which will redefine the domestic politics of Afghanistan and transform the geopolitical contours of the SCAR-APR. The Afghan endgame is now precipitating significant realignments and repositioning by major powers, at the regional level and beyond.

More specifically, Iran, Afghanistan, CARS and Pakistan, are being interwoven into a very viable contiguous, interconnected and economically interdependent bloc within the ambit of the BRI-CPEC.

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Why Armenia and Azerbaijan could be at the centre of the next global crisis

Observers have warned that the ongoing violence is the worst since the end of the war in 1994

By: Andrew Korybko

The intense clashes in the South Caucasus between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh threaten to provoke the next global crisis. The contested region is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan but is populated mostly by Armenian separatists whose titular country fought a bitter war with its neighbour over this territory from 1988-1994. No peace deal was ever agreed to and four UNSC Resolutions have called on Armenia to withdraw its military forces from this Azerbaijani land, which it has failed to do to this day.

Both sides blame one another for this latest round of unrest which has spread all along the Line of Contact (LOC) between their military forces. Armenia says that Azerbaijan launched an unprovoked attack whereas Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of doing exactly just that and therefore describes its own actions as a counteroffensive. Whatever the truth may be, Azerbaijan indisputably has the UN-enshrined right to regain control of its internationally recognised territory, though ideally through peaceful means than forceful ones.

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Why is Pakistan the only country that does not recognise Armenia?

Why is Pakistan the only country that does not recognise Armenia?

WRITTEN BY: Andrew Korybko

The frozen Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of Eurasia’s geopolitical time bombs just like Kashmir.

Pakistan is the only country in the world that doesn’t recognise the independence of Armenia. The South Caucasus country objectively exists and is a member of the UN, but Islamabad’s stance is a principled one practiced as a form of protest in response to Yerevan’s egregious human rights violations against the Azeris of Azerbaijan’s Nagorno-Karabakh region. There are some very good reasons why Pakistan doesn’t recognise Armenia, and they’ll be touched upon briefly in this piece.

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is at the core of Pakistan’s decision. This war lasted from 1988-1994 and remains frozen to this day. The Armenians of Azerbaijan’s then-Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (region) wanted to unite with their ethnic brethren in nearby Armenia in the twilight days of the USSR. This was a direct consequence of the widespread explosion of pent-up nationalist sentiment in the Soviet Union triggered by Gorbachev’s failed experiment with glasnost (“openness”).

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Changing international cooperation | Essay Material for CSS

By: Atle Hetland

We live in a time when countries want to be on their own and independent, and at the same time, cooperate with the rest of the world. Formal international cooperation has become less than before, not only because of the ongoing Corona pandemic, but because big countries feel they can do just as well or better on their own, not having to contribute as much to the running of international organisations, such as the United Nations and its many specialised agencies. If they are alone, they can set even more of the trade and other cooperation rules. Military might has become less direct, although it is still there, including that of the rearmament of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) through its 30 member states, where the USA wants to contribute less and the European members and partners more.

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US, China rivalry: Challenges to ASEAN | Essay Material for CSS

Polarizing ASEAN would definitely make a way for only one power whether for US or China

By: Hamna Ghias Sheikh

The changing geopolitical and geo-economics sphere of the world has brought forward the two of the most prominent regions typically South Asia and South East Asia. For closer collaboration between the regional countries, various organizations have been formed in this globalized world. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the prominent organization which was founded back in 1967 by the countries like Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.

The main objective of this organization were to enhance the economic, social and cultural development in the region in all the effective ways and means. The promotion of regional peace and stability with the mutual cooperation among all the member states is the main objective of ASEAN.

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How India targets Afghanistan | Essay Materials for CSS

By: Adeela Naureen and Umar Waqar

As intra-Afghan peace negotiations have moved ahead, spoilers of peace have started their nefarious game to delay or scuttle the process. With regional countries, especially Afghanistan neighbours desiring peace, there is growing support for the process. The only country in the world who wants to derail the peace process is India.

Afghanistan neighbours and the international community have reached a consensus that the peaceful settlement of the Afghan issue is the only solution to get rid of terrorism and instability in the region.