Category: CSS Notes

Download Notes for CSS in PDF, CSS Optional Subjects Notes, CSS Compulsory Subjects Notes,

Categories
CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Conceptual Issues: Social Change, Development and Evolution

Conceptual Issues

Conceptual Issues: Social Change, Development and Evolution

Of all the phenomena which are of interest to sociologists, social change is perhaps the most elusive and therefore the most given to speculative debates. That is, closely related phenomena like development and evolution are not as problematic as the concept social change when it comes to the question of definition. This is because, looking at the various definitions of social change, considerable diversity of opinions exist amongst scholars even with respect to such formal questions as what constitutes the logical subject of social change, and what are its temporal and spatial dimensions? It is, however, interesting to note that some people identify the subject matter of social change with the entire field of sociology, arguing that social life is life and therefore changes.

Continue reading “Conceptual Issues: Social Change, Development and Evolution”

Categories
CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

10 Important Climate Change Facts | CSS, PMS Notes in PDF

Climate Change Facts, CSS Notes in PDF

10 Important Climate Change Facts | CSS, PMS Notes in PDF

1) Temperatures are breaking records around the world:

The 21st century has seen the most temperature records broken in recorded history. 2016 was the hottest year on record since 1880, according to NASA, with average temperatures measuring 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean Since the 1950s, every continent has warmed substantially. NASA’s latest visualizations, above, make that reality stark.

2) There is no scientific debate about the reality of climate change:

Multiple studies show that a massive 97 per cent of researchers believe global warming is happening But climate change is considered only the third most serious issue facing the world by the world’s population, behind international terrorism and poverty, hunger and the lack of drinking water

Continue reading “10 Important Climate Change Facts | CSS, PMS Notes in PDF”

Categories
Articles CSS Notes

Profile: Maulan Sami-ul-Haq (1937-2018) | Religious Scholar and Politician

Maulana Sami ul Haq Assassination

Maulana Sami-ul-Haq (1937-2018)

Name: Maulana Samiul Haq
Age: 81 Years
Date of Birth: December 18, 1937 (Akora Khattak)
Date of Assassination: November 02, 2018
Education: Sanad-e-Fazilat-o-Faraghat and Sanad Daura Tafseer-e-Quran from Darul Uloom Haqqania – Sheikh-ul-Hadith (honorary) from Darul Uloom Deoband
Profession: Religious Scholar and Politician
Former senator from 1985-1991 and 1991-1997

Continue reading “Profile: Maulan Sami-ul-Haq (1937-2018) | Religious Scholar and Politician”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

Balance Of Power (BOP) Theory in International Relations | CSS Notes

Balance of Power in International Relations

Definitions of Balance Of Power

The equilibrium of power among members of the family of nations as will prevent any one of them from becoming sufficiently strong to enforce its will upon the others.
The power equation between states is based on an assessment of each state’s relative power capabilities and this assessment provides the basis for the conduct of relations between them.

Balance Of Power from a historical perspective

From 1648 (Peace of Westphalia) to 1789 (French Revolution) was a golden age of classical balance of power, when the princes of Europe began accepting BoP as the supreme principle of foreign policy.
Evident use of BoP is also noted in the mid-17th cent., when it was directed against the France of Louis
XIV. Balance of power was the stated British objective for much of the 18th and 19th cent., and it characterized the European international system, for example, from 1815-1914.

Continue reading “Balance Of Power (BOP) Theory in International Relations | CSS Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes GK MCQ’s MCQs Pakistan Affairs World General Knowledge

Most Wanted MCQs about China–Pakistan Economic Corridor | CSS, PMS, NTS

CSS MCQs for CPEC China Pakistan Economic Corridor

Most Wanted MCQs about China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)| CSS, PMS, NTS

1. Pakistan-China economic Corridor is a proposal to create an Economic Corridor from Gwadar in Baluchistan to _________in the Western Chinese province of Sinkiang
(a) Beijing
(b) Sinkiang
(c) Kashgar (Correct)
(d) Shanghai

2. When China and Pakistan signed an agreement on China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plan?
(a) 21 April 2015  (Correct)
(b) 23 April 2015
(c) 27 April 2015
(d) 29 April 2015

3. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor often referred to by the acronym CPEC, is a collection of projects currently under construction at a cost of
(a) $44 billion
(b) $45 billion
(c) $46 billion (Correct)
(d) $50 billion

Continue reading “Most Wanted MCQs about China–Pakistan Economic Corridor | CSS, PMS, NTS”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

National Interest in International Relations | CSS IR Notes

National Interests in International Relations

National Interest in International Relations | CSS IR Notes

Origins of National Interest

The word interest is derived from Latin and means “it concerns, or it makes a difference to”. In the 1930s, Charles Bear wrote the first book concerning national interest. In following years the notion of national interest in IR has been used to describe the underlying rationale for the behavior of states in a threatening global environment, which preserves and protects one‟s values against another.
Statesmen who are responsible for and to their separate publics, and who operate in an uncertain milieu, often have little choice but to put the interest of their own entity above those of others.
National interest is understood to mean a state of affairs valued solely for its benefit to the nation. National interest often becomes synonymous with national egoism, with its disposition of transferring self love onto the national group.
One cannot speak about national interest without reference to values, even if they are a culmination of those held by some or all members of a given society

Continue reading “National Interest in International Relations | CSS IR Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes GK MCQ’s MCQs World General Knowledge

World Space Program 1957 TO 2018 Most Important MCQs for Competitive Exams

World Space Program 1957 TO 2018 Most Important MCQs for CSS PMS

World Space Program 1957 TO 2018 Most Important MCQs for Competitive Exams

1. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is located in which country?

(a) Norway
(b) Netherlands
(c) United Kingdom
(d) United States (Correct)

2. A second disaster struck the shuttle program of USA, when the Columbia broke up during reentry, killing the seven astronauts on board on

(a) 1 February, 2002
(b) 1 February, 2003 (Correct)
(c) 1 February, 2004
(d) 1 February, 2005

3. Name the world’s first shuttle?

(a) Enterprise (Correct)
(b) Atlantis
(c) Discovery
(d) Columbia

4. The first shuttle to be launched in space was the

(a) Enterprise
(b) Atlantis
(c) Discovery
(d) Columbia (Correct)

Continue reading “World Space Program 1957 TO 2018 Most Important MCQs for Competitive Exams”

Categories
CSS Notes Islamic Studies

The Islamic Concept of Administration | (Solved CSS 2016 Islamic Studies Paper)

The Islamic Concept of Administration | (Solved CSS 2016 Islamic Studies Paper)

The Islamic Concept of Administration
(Solved CSS 2016 Islamic Studies Paper)

The concept of a system of administration in Islam is quite different from that in the western world. Islam is a complete code of life and encircles all human activities. Life according to Islam is a constant struggle to overcome satanic propensities running in human blood. Islam is not a utopia of unrealizable ideas and it firmly expounds that an administration should keep a strict watch over his thoughts and actions. It emphasizes inner purity of soul because it provides social harmony in society and engenders self-discipline. Islam, in fact, laid down the foundation of a sound system of administration on. Islam emphasis certain intrinsic qualities which an administrator must possess. These are also regarded as the cohesive characteristic features which Islam has put forward for a perfect and excellent administrative system. First among them is “Honesty”, a moral quality which influences the individuals to refrain from inflicting injuries on others by cheating. Dishonestly breeds aversion. Pollutes social life. Degenerates politics and corrupts administration.

Continue reading “The Islamic Concept of Administration | (Solved CSS 2016 Islamic Studies Paper)”

Categories
CSS Notes General Science & Ability

Clean Development Mechanism | CSS General Science & Ability Notes

Clean Development Mechanism - CSS General Science and Ability

Clean Development Mechanism | CSS General Science & Ability Notes

Question: What were the main objectives of clean development mechanism? Also explain the reasons for the criticism on Koyoto Protocol by the developed countries. (General Science & Ability Paper CSS 2016)

Clean Development Mechanism

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the Flexible Mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.

The Clean Development Mechanism is defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, and is intended to meet two objectives:

  1. To assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is to prevent dangerous climate change; and
  2. To assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments. “Annex I” parties are those countries that are listed in Annex I of the treaty, and are the industrialized countries. Non-Annex I parties are developing countries.
Continue reading “Clean Development Mechanism | CSS General Science & Ability Notes”
Categories
CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Social Problems Faced by Pakistan | Solved from CSS 2016 Paper

Social Problems Faced by Pakistan

Social Problems Faced by Pakistan | Solved from CSS 2016 Paper

Question: What are the major Contemporary Social Problems of Pakistan? (Anthropology CSS Paper 2016)

Although Pakistan is rich in resources but there are many problems faced by Pakistan since independence and has undergone a variety of crisis. These issues could easily be solved but due to the lack of attention from our government these problems are rising day by day. Given below are some of the major problems faced by Pakistan, which are highly neglected by our government.

Continue reading “Social Problems Faced by Pakistan | Solved from CSS 2016 Paper”