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Diplomacy in Action: Understanding Pakistan’s International Relations

Diplomacy in Action: Understanding Pakistan's International Relations

Diplomacy in Action: Understanding Pakistan’s International Relations

Introduction:

Pakistan’s international relations are a crucial aspect of its foreign policy. With a complex history and geography, the country has had to navigate its place in the global community, balancing relationships with neighboring countries and the international community. In this blog, we will delve into the intricacies of Pakistan’s international relations, exploring its diplomatic endeavors and the impact they have on the country and its people.

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CSS Notes International Relations

SAARC Notes Handwritten (Download in PDF)

SAARC Handwritten Notes (Download in PDF)

SAARC Notes Handwritten (Download in PDF)

SAARC Basic Information:

SAARC Stand for:
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SAARC established: SAARC Notes
8 December 1985

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Articles CSS Notes Current Affairs International Relations Pakistani Newspapers

The future of Israel and Palestine | CSS Essay, International Relations, Current Affairs Notes

CSS Essay | The future of Israel and Palestine | Essay, International Relations, Current Affairs Notes

The future of Israel and Palestine | CSS Essay, International Relations, Current Affairs Notes

By: Dr James J. Zogby

This article (The future of Israel and Palestine) will be helpful for CSS Essay, Current Affairs and International Relations

In the weeks following the signing of agreements between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain, I was struck by some of the commentary by Israeli and Palestinian writers and analysts. While the views expressed by each side were polar opposites and equally hyperbolic, they were both wildly wrong.

For their part, the Israelis were busy trying to convince themselves that this marked the “beginning of the end of the Israeli-Arab conflict” or the start of “a wave of Arab support that will bury the Palestinian issue, once and for all,” thus securing Israel’s role in the Middle East. Meanwhile, Palestinian commentators, using similar exaggerated language, were lamenting ‘the obliteration of the Palestinian issue’ or ‘the burying of Palestine.’

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Articles International Relations Pakistani Newspapers

UN: A silent spectator | International Relations Notes

UN A silent spectator International Relations Notes

By: Iram Farooq Rana

The United Nations (UN), an international body, possesses a distinguished role by formulating a founding charter of human rights. It is dubbed as the champion of “human rights” which seems like a big joke on account of its passive role. Human rights have been mentioned seven times in the United Nations charter as its key purpose and guiding principle. But Alas! it is performing the role of a dumb and blind player in defending and protecting human rights.

The whole world is witnessing the bitter reality of violation of human rights in Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Burma and Kashmir. Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion or any other status.

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Constitutional Law CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Presidential – Constitutional Structure | CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Constitutional Structure

CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Presidential – Constitutional Structure

Presidential form of government has become one of the leading democratic political institutions along with the parliamentary system of government. However, Presidential system exists in different forms in various countries depending upon the political situation and environment of the given time when it was established. For instance American presidency, which is regarded as the oldest and purest form of presidential government, came into being under different circumstances and situation as compared to the French presidency which is considered by the academicians as semi-presidential because of its peculiar co-existence of the presidency and the cabinet.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime prevention is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice.

1. Studies

Criminologists such as Gottfredson, McKenzie, Eck, Farrington, Sherman, Waller and others have been at the forefront of analyzing what works to prevent crime. Prestigious commissions and research bodies, such as the World Health Organization, United Nations, the United States National Research Council, the UK Audit Commission and so on, have analyzed their and others’ research on what lowers rates of interpersonal crime. They agree that governments must go beyond law enforcement and criminal justice to tackle the risk factors that cause crime because it is more cost effective and leads to greater social benefits than the standard ways of responding to crime. Interestingly, multiple opinion polls also confirm public support for investment in prevention. Waller uses these materials in Less Law, More Order to propose specific measures to reduce crime as well as a crime bill.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Introduction of Criminology | CSS Criminology Notes

Introduction of Criminology | CSS Criminology Notes

Introduction of Criminology

Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. The term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as criminologia. Later, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term criminologie .

“I need not pause to explain that crime is not a disease. It is criminology that is a disease.”
G.K. Ghesterton

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CSS Optional subjects

CSS Criminology Notes | Criminal Behavior

Criminal Behavior, CSS Criminology Notes

Criminal psychology, also referred to as criminological behavior, is the study of the wills, thoughts, intentions, and reactions of criminals and all that partakes in the criminal behavior. It is related to the field of criminal anthropology. The study goes deeply into what makes someone commit a crime, but also the reactions after the crime, on the run or in court. Criminal psychologists are often called up as witnesses in court cases to help the jury understand the mind of the criminal. Some types of Psychiatry also deal with aspects of criminal behavior.

1. Psychology’s Role in the Legal System

Psychiatrists and psychologists are licensed professionals that can assess both mental and physical states. Profilers look for patterns in behavior to typify the individual behind a crime. A group effort attempts to answer the most common psychological questions: If there is a risk of a sexual predator re-offending if put back in society; if an offender is competent to stand trial; whether or not an offender was sane/insane at the time of the offense. The question of competency to stand trial is a question of an offender’s current state of mind. This assesses the offender’s ability to understand the charges against them, the possible outcomes of being convicted/acquitted of these charges and their ability to assist their attorney with their defense. The question of sanity/insanity or criminal responsibility is an assessment of the offender’s state of mind at the time of the crime. This refers to their ability to understand right from wrong and what is against the law. The insanity defense is rarely used, as it is very difficult to prove. If declared insane, an offender is committed to a secure hospital facility for much longer than they would have served in prison-theoretically, that is.

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International Relations

The Globalization of International Society | International Relations Notes

The Globalization of International Society

The spread of European political control beyond Europe which began in the late fifteenth century and only came to an end in the early twentieth century proved to be an expansion not only of European imperialism but also, later, of international society Indeed, the history of European imperialism and the ‘globalization of international society^ are fundamentally intertwined. The history of modem Europe is—in very significant part—a history of political and economic rivalry, particularly war between sovereign states, and subsequent expansion into and engagement with the non-European world. European rivalries were conducted wherever European ambitions and power could be projected—i.e. eventually on a global scale. During this period, the logic of capitalism meant that European states entered into competition with each other to penetrate and control economically desirable and militarily useful areas in other parts of the world. To an important extent, then, the histories of the European and non-European worlds are fundamentally intertwined in ways not always captured by traditional understandings of the European ‘society of states’

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Constitutional Law CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Parliamentary – Constitutional Structure | CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Parliamentary - Constitutional Structure CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Parliamentary – Constitutional Structure
CSS Constitutional Law Notes

The modern concept of prime ministerial government originated in the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) and its contemporary, the Parliamentary System in Sweden (1721–1772)

In a parliamentary system, by contrast, the legislature holds supreme power. The prime minister is chosen by members of the legislature (Parliament) from among their own number and in practice is the leader of the majority party in the legislature. The cabinet members must also belong to the legislature, where they are subject to the same kind of questioning that the prime minister experiences. If the prime minister loses the support of the majority in the legislature on a significant vote, he or she must resign, and elections are called immediately. Thus, whereas in the United States, elections are held at fixed intervals, in Britain and other parliamentary countries, they may occur at any time, the only restriction being (in Britain) that they must be held at least once every five years.

This form of government exists in countries like Britain, Pakistan, India and Canada. The Features of Parliamentary Form of Government has been discussed below:

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