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Daily Dawn English Vocabulary with Urdu Meaning
December 12, 2019

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Discretionary (adjective) صوابدیدی

available for use at the discretion of the user.
Example: “there has been an increase in year-end discretionary bonuses”
Synonyms: optional, non-compulsory, voluntary, at one’s discretion, up to the individual
Antonyms: compulsory, obligatory

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Predecessor (noun) پیشرو، سابقہ

a person who held a job or office before the current holder.
Example: “the new President’s foreign policy is very similar to that of his predecessor”
Synonyms: forerunner, precursor, antecedent,
Antonyms: successor

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Patronage (noun) معاونت، حفاظت، دستگیری، نگرانی

the support given by a patron.
Example: “the arts could no longer depend on private patronage”
Synonyms: sponsorship, backing, funding, financing, philanthropy, promotion, furtherance
Antonyms: attack, blockage, disapproval, discouragement

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Supersede (verb) کسی شخص کو دوسرے پر ترجیح دینا، ہٹانا

take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); supplant.
Example: “the older models of car have now been superseded”
Synonyms: replace, supplant, take the place of, take over from, substitute for
Antonyms: conserve, keep, perpetuate, preserve, sustain, uphold

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Glorify (verb) تسبیح کرنا، تعظیم و تکریم دینا، حمد بیان کرنا

praise and worship (God).
Example: “music is used to glorify God”
Synonyms: give praise to, praise, extol, exalt, laud, worship, revere, reverence, venerate

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Gag (verb) حکماً خاموش کر دینا، منہ بند کر نا، زبان بندی کرنا

put a gag on (someone).
Example: “she was bound and gagged by robbers”
Synonyms: stop up, block, plug, clog, stifle, smother, muffle, put a gag on, silence
Antonyms: encourage, give a voice to

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Erstwhile (adjective) پہلے، پرانے وقتوں کا

former.
Example: “the erstwhile president of the company”
Synonyms: former, old, past, one-time, sometime, as was, ex-, late, then,
Antonyms: present, future

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Dubious (adjective) مشکوک، مشتبہ، مبہم

hesitating or doubting.
Example: “I was rather dubious about the whole idea”
Synonyms: doubtful, uncertain, unsure, in doubt, hesitant, undecided, unsettled, unconfirmed
Antonyms: certain, definite

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Perpetuate (verb) ہمیشہ رکھنا، جاری رکھنا

make (something) continue indefinitely.
Example: “the confusion was perpetuated through inadvertence”
Synonyms: keep alive, keep going, keep in existence, preserve, conserve, sustain, maintain,
Antonyms: abolish, abrogate, blot out, cancel, discharge, erase

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Vengeance (noun) انتقام، بدلہ، قصاص

punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong.
Example: “voters are ready to wreak vengeance on all politicians”
Synonyms: revenge, avengement, retribution, retributive justice, retaliation, requital, reprisal
Antonyms: forgiveness, pardon, condonation, amnesty, grace

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