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CSS Notes International Relations

Disarmament and Arms Control | CSS International Relations Notes

Disarmament and Arms Control
CSS International Relations Notes

Justifications for Armament

Weapons are not the causes but the consequences of conflictive relations. A historical survey of the arms race indicates that during the past two centuries this form of international competition often ends peacefully in recognition of the military superiority of one side or the other.

Countries which have no adequate defense tempt aggressors and therefore preparing for war is the best way to achieve peace.

Arguments for disarmament

Arms and arms races are costly and potentially very bloody. Arms reduction can curtail defense burden and allow economic investment for more productive purposes.

The unchecked growth of armaments without economic means can lead to internal repression and external aggression.

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CSS Notes EBooks Pakistan Affairs

Pakistan Affairs Notes by Dr. Moiz Khan (Download Book in PDF)

Pakistan Affairs Notes
by Dr. Moiz Khan (Assistant Professor)
Dept. of History, University of Karachi


Sample Page of Pakistan Affairs Notes for CSS Aspirants

In 1600 C.E. East India Company was established in England. Queen Elizabeth granted the charter to East India Company to trade in areas East of Africa. This included Sub-continent, Indonesia, and Malaysia etc. In the start the East India Company tried their luck in islands of Indonesia but they were unable to extract desirable profits from there. To make trading more difficult they had a formidable opposition in the form of Dutch. The Islands of Indonesia were already claimed by Dutch and Portuguese. In 1623 an incident permanently convinced British to turn towards India. Twenty one men were killed by Dutch in Amboyna out of which ten were the servants of British East India Company, the incident in known as Amboyna Massacre.

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Essays Outlines

CSS Essay Outline: Civil Services Reforms

Outline for CSS Essay: Civil Services Reforms

The services are the backbone of the state. Governments are formed. Governments are defeated. Prime Ministers come and go, ministers come and go, but you stay on. Therefore, there is a very great responsibility placed on your shoulders. You should have no hand in supporting this political party or that political party, this political leader or that political leader. This is not your business.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan (CSS 2016 Solved Question) | CSS Notes

Q. Write a note on status of women’s studies in Pakistan and give your views on the autonomy/integration debate in Women’s Studies. (CSS-2016)

Women were a big portion of population around the globe and they had been deprived of economic and social development. As a weaker or second sex, the woman had been kept away from the main stream objectives in societies.

In Pakistan, women access to property, education and employment remained lower than men because Pakistani society was predominantly patriarchal and here women participation in society was low in percentage.

Despite improvement in Pakistan’s literacy rate, educational status of Pakistani women was the lowest in the world. The literacy rate of urban women was five times higher than that of rural women.

The emerging changes are the women studies considered the way that describes the status in the same manner in Pakistan and it is being represented by the whole world. The biggest approach of Women in Development approach is the ways that endorse the women studies and even the literature required for the reduction of gaps between social outcomes in both sex. The roles or responsibilities required at women and men perspective is being presented by the material required for the effective material diversification in Pakistan.

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CSS Notes International Relations

Non-Alignment Movement | CSS International Relations Notes

Non-Alignment Movement | CSS International Relations Notes

What is Non-Alignment?

Many writers have used the term non-alignment to be synonymous to terms like isolationism, non- commitment, neutrality, or non-involvement. Yet for the student of IR, these terms are not inter- changeable. Isolationism implies adopting a policy of aloofness; non-commitment implies detachment generally in international relations; and non-involvement implies detachment from tensions specifically between power blocs. Political neutrality has the closest similarity to non-alignment. While the former implies a specific context, the latter refers to a broader and continuing international situation.

Non-Alignment’s Implications

Non-Alignment implies keeping out of alliances in general and military pacts in particular. Conceptually it is not meant to be a policy of passive but of active involvement in the struggle against imperial and colonial determination. Non-Alignment is meant to be dynamic and constructive rather than static and negative.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

10 Important Climate Change Facts | CSS, PMS Notes in PDF

10 Important Climate Change Facts | CSS, PMS Notes in PDF

1) Temperatures are breaking records around the world:

The 21st century has seen the most temperature records broken in recorded history. 2016 was the hottest year on record since 1880, according to NASA, with average temperatures measuring 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean Since the 1950s, every continent has warmed substantially. NASA’s latest visualizations, above, make that reality stark.

2) There is no scientific debate about the reality of climate change:

Multiple studies show that a massive 97 per cent of researchers believe global warming is happening But climate change is considered only the third most serious issue facing the world by the world’s population, behind international terrorism and poverty, hunger and the lack of drinking water