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A nation without education is little more than a gathering of “apes and monkeys,” at least according to an embittered statement made by Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, president of Pakistan’s Academy of Sciences and former president of Pakistan’s Higher Education Committee.
While scathing, this sentiment is also sadly indicative of growing frustration over the dismal state of Pakistan’s education system.
Beside ideology which factors were responsible for the creation of Pakistan? (CSS 1988, 1990)
Causes of Muslim separatism. (CSS 1991, 1996)
Ideological foundations of “Two-Nations Theory“. (CSS 2002, 2003)
Elucidate Ideology of Pakistan. What are the reasons which contributed for the development of two-nation-theory? Is two-nation-theory relevant after the fall of Dacca? (CSS 2007)
Muslims Nationalism in subcontinent evolved gradually. (CSS 1988)
By: Dr James J. Zogby
This article (The future of Israel and Palestine) will be helpful for CSS Essay, Current Affairs and International Relations
In the weeks following the signing of agreements between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain, I was struck by some of the commentary by Israeli and Palestinian writers and analysts. While the views expressed by each side were polar opposites and equally hyperbolic, they were both wildly wrong.
For their part, the Israelis were busy trying to convince themselves that this marked the “beginning of the end of the Israeli-Arab conflict” or the start of “a wave of Arab support that will bury the Palestinian issue, once and for all,” thus securing Israel’s role in the Middle East. Meanwhile, Palestinian commentators, using similar exaggerated language, were lamenting ‘the obliteration of the Palestinian issue’ or ‘the burying of Palestine.’
By: Muhammad Zahid Rifat
This article will be helpful for CSS English Essays, Current Affairs Notes and Pakistan Affairs
Pakistan has quite emphatically reiterated that the government and the people are committed to standing by and supporting their Kashmiri brothers and sisters in their legitimate struggle for self-determination. The brave, courageous, determined and committed Kashmiri people will never submit to Indian forced occupation and oppression; their struggle is indigenous, they are indeed fighting for a just cause and laying down their lives generation after generation for more than seven decades to rid themselves of Indian occupation.
Presidential form of government has become one of the leading democratic political institutions along with the parliamentary system of government. However, Presidential system exists in different forms in various countries depending upon the political situation and environment of the given time when it was established. For instance American presidency, which is regarded as the oldest and purest form of presidential government, came into being under different circumstances and situation as compared to the French presidency which is considered by the academicians as semi-presidential because of its peculiar co-existence of the presidency and the cabinet.
The present work is based on Urdu Version published some six years back by the Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust. It is a very brief but a compact summary of the salient features of the great Struggle for Pakistan fought under the dynamic leadership of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
President confers civil awards to 184 Pakistanis, foreigners for excellence, services
President Dr Arif Alvi on August 14, 2020 conferred Pakistan’s civil awards to 184 Pakistanis and foreigners in recognition of their services to Pakistan and showing excellence in their respective fields.
Among the civil awards conferred by the president on Independence day included Nishan-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Pakistan, Sitarah-e-Shujaat and Sitarah-e-Imtiaz. The other categories included Pride of Performance, Sitarah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Khidmat, Tamgha-e-Pakistan, Tamgha-e-Shujaat, Tamgha-e-Imtiaz and Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam.
With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies. Those glaciers feed rivers that account for about 75 percent of the stored-water supply in the country of at least 200 million.
But as in many other parts of the world, researchers say, Pakistan’s glaciers are receding, especially those at lower elevations, including here in the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Among the causes cited by scientists: diminished snowfall, higher temperatures, heavier summer rainstorms and rampant deforestation.
Crime prevention is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice.
Criminologists such as Gottfredson, McKenzie, Eck, Farrington, Sherman, Waller and others have been at the forefront of analyzing what works to prevent crime. Prestigious commissions and research bodies, such as the World Health Organization, United Nations, the United States National Research Council, the UK Audit Commission and so on, have analyzed their and others’ research on what lowers rates of interpersonal crime. They agree that governments must go beyond law enforcement and criminal justice to tackle the risk factors that cause crime because it is more cost effective and leads to greater social benefits than the standard ways of responding to crime. Interestingly, multiple opinion polls also confirm public support for investment in prevention. Waller uses these materials in Less Law, More Order to propose specific measures to reduce crime as well as a crime bill.
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. The term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as criminologia. Later, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term criminologie .
“I need not pause to explain that crime is not a disease. It is criminology that is a disease.”
G.K. Ghesterton