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Pakistan Affairs Notes World General Knowledge

Glaciers in Pakistan | Pakistan General Knowledge

Glaciers in Pakistan | World General Knowledge

Glaciers in Pakistan | Pakistan General Knowledge

With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies. Those glaciers feed rivers that account for about 75 percent of the stored-water supply in the country of at least 200 million.

But as in many other parts of the world, researchers say, Pakistan’s glaciers are receding, especially those at lower elevations, including here in the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Among the causes cited by scientists: diminished snowfall, higher temperatures, heavier summer rainstorms and rampant deforestation.

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English Grammar MCQs

Advanced Level English Vocabulary MCQs (Set-I)

Advanced Level English Vocabulary MCQs

Advanced Level English Vocabulary MCQs (Set-I)

Sponsorship is being increasingly allowed in schools provided it is regarded as being ——- with educational curricula.
A considerate
B predictable
C decisive
D compatible
E provocative
Answer: D

As the new field worker will be working in close ——- with several others, make sure you select someone with agreeable personality.
A uniformity
B suspicion
C collaboration
D discretion
E productivity
Answer: C

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World General Knowledge

Brief Overview of English Literature

Brief Overview of English Literature

Brief Overview of English Literature

English Literature as an art consists more than a period of Six centuries approximately. Often we start reading it from the period of Chaucer but seeds of English language started to be sowed with the coming of ‘Saxons’ to England in 450 AD.

The History of English Language

The history of English Language started with the Normans (originally a Germanic Tribe) who had settled in Normandy in the north of France, and had adopted a modified French language and culture. As a result of the conquest, the refinement of French culture came to be introduced into England exerted a powerful and formative influence on its language and literature. The Norman rulers looked down upon the English as a barbarous and backward people, and despised the rude taste of their language that lacked the elegance and grace of French. Naturally under their rule French had to be the language of the Court and the Government, and those among the conquered people who had dealings with the Government thought it prudent to learn French in addition to their own language. The Conquest also tended to bring the native population together as never before, and the several dialects spoken in the different parts of the country were gradually assimilated to form a common language. English which was basically the Midland dialect, became common among people.

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World General Knowledge

Britain’s Unwritten Constitution | World General Knowledge

Britain's Unwritten Constitution | World General Knowledge

Britain’s Unwritten Constitution | World General Knowledge

Unlike most modern states, Britain does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions. Professor Robert Blackburn explains this system, including Magna Carta’s place within it, and asks whether the UK should now have a written constitution.

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World General Knowledge

World’s Famous Battles | World General Knowledge

World’s Famous Battles | World General Knowledge

World’s Famous Battles | World General Knowledge

The Tet Offensive: 1968

The decisive battle in the Vietnam War, this was launched by the Viet Cong of North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States and their allies on January 30, 1968 during the Vietnamese New Year or “Tet.” The offensive, which occurred prior to a ceasefire, had the Viet Congs disguised as revelers in a countrywide and well-coordinated attack with more than 80,000 Communist troops striking 100 towns and cities, and was considered the largest military operation conducted by either side during the war. Since the War of 1812, this was the first time that American forces were unable to gain victory.

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World General Knowledge

Military Operations and Code Names (Pakistan and World)

Military Operations Code Names (Pakistan and World)

Pakistan: Major Military Operations

  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-I in Swat valley and Shangla district (2007)
  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-II in Swat valley and Shangla (2008)
  • Operation Sirat-i-Mustaqeem in Khyber Agency (2008)
  • Operation Sherdil jointly launched with Frontier Corps in Bajaur Agency (2008)
  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-III in Swat valley and Shangla (2009)
  • Operation Black Thunderstorm in Buner, Lower Dir and Shangla district (2009)
  • Operation Brekhna in Mohmand Agency (2009)
  • Operation Rah-i-Rast, commonly known as Swat Operation, (2009)
  • Operation Rah-i-Nijat in South Waziristan (2009)
  • ‘Operation Raddul Fasaad’ (2017)
  • Khyber was the code-name for a military offensive conducted by Pakistan’s military in the Khyber Agency in four phases; Khyber-1, Khyber-2, Khyber-3 and Khyber-4. October 2014 – 21 August 2017
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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime Prevention | CSS Criminology Notes

Crime prevention is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice.

1. Studies

Criminologists such as Gottfredson, McKenzie, Eck, Farrington, Sherman, Waller and others have been at the forefront of analyzing what works to prevent crime. Prestigious commissions and research bodies, such as the World Health Organization, United Nations, the United States National Research Council, the UK Audit Commission and so on, have analyzed their and others’ research on what lowers rates of interpersonal crime. They agree that governments must go beyond law enforcement and criminal justice to tackle the risk factors that cause crime because it is more cost effective and leads to greater social benefits than the standard ways of responding to crime. Interestingly, multiple opinion polls also confirm public support for investment in prevention. Waller uses these materials in Less Law, More Order to propose specific measures to reduce crime as well as a crime bill.

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English Grammar

Explaining the difference between “AS” and “LIKE”

Explaining the difference between “AS” and “LIKE”

Explaining the difference between “AS” and “LIKE”

Most of the non-native students, especially competitive students in Pakistan, don’t understand properly the difference between “Like” and “As”. In English, both words are usually interchangeable and used synonymously in sentences. But, these words are not similar in their meanings and usages.

Let’s look at the example to understand their difference:

  • Like your mother, Sarah also wants you to qualify for the civil services examination, CSS.
  • As your brother, Ali wants you to qualify for the civil services examination, CSS.

In the very first sentence, the word “Like” is used, which means that “Sarah” is not your real mother, but holds a similar position. She can be your elder sister, your ant, your cousin, or your well-wisher, who maintains the same feelings as your mother has for you. In the second sentence, the word “As” is used, which means “Ali” is your real father.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Introduction of Criminology | CSS Criminology Notes

Introduction of Criminology | CSS Criminology Notes

Introduction of Criminology

Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. The term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as criminologia. Later, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term criminologie .

“I need not pause to explain that crime is not a disease. It is criminology that is a disease.”
G.K. Ghesterton

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CSS Times Magazine Magazines

HSM CSS Times (July 2020) E-Magazine | Download in PDF Free

Warm wishes for all our readers of HSM CSS Times. We are proudly presenting You with a new Monthly e-Magazine named HSM CSS Times Magazine. This magazine is being made available to aspirants of all forms of competitive examinations. The content developed is wholly in an exam-oriented fashion – Keeping ‘You’ Ahead of ‘Them’.  We at HSM CSS Times, strive to bring to Your fore factually correct and contextually current content to aid you in Your preparation. We bring forth our expertise in selecting content relevant for Current Affairs / General Knowledge syllabus of various examinations.  HSM CSS Times is not just another Current Affairs Magazine its more than a Magazine for CSS Aspirants. Keeping an eye on ease of reading, we have made the whole text in a bullet format for easy comprehension. The content is short, crisp and up to the point fashion. Issues of current affairs are divided into various sections of relevant subject matter. This is to make it easier for the reader to select a topic of one’s interest to read. Having said this, We, the HSM CSS TIMES Magazine, endeavor to be a part of Your success and see You have a life of Your dreams. Follow the below button to Download HSM CSS TIMES Magazine in PDF FREE Download HSM CSS TIMES July 2020 Magazine PDF

Warm wishes for all our readers of HSM CSS Times. We are proudly presenting You with a new Monthly e-Magazine named HSM CSS Times Magazine.

This magazine is being made available to aspirants of all forms of competitive examinations. The content developed is wholly in an exam-oriented fashion – Keeping ‘You’ Ahead of ‘Them’. 

Download CSS Times Magazine

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