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Constitutional Law CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

CSS Constitutional Law Notes | Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations

Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations

(Presidential, Parliamentary and Hybrid Systems)

The relations among a country’s governing institutions differ depending on whether a country has a presidential, parliamentary or hybrid political system. Although each country has its own variance on these political typologies, some conclusions have been drawn about the characteristics of each of these systems and their relationship to political conflict and executive and legislative power. These generalizations are useful for helping to determine characteristics of political systems of other nations three aspects of executive-legislative relations:

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CSS Compulsory Subjects EBooks Islamic Studies

An Introduction to Islamic Ideology Download Complete Book in PDF

An Introduction to Islamic Ideology

By: Anwar Hashmi

Best Recommended Book for CSS Islamic Studies

Author’s Note about latest issue of An Introduction to Islamic Ideology

I feel great pleasure in presenting to my readers, the revised and enlarged edition of ‘An Introduction to Islamic Ideology’.

Sufficient reading material has been added and ample reference fromm t he Holy Quran and Hadith have beed quoted. Thus the book has now become very comprehensive and more authentic than before.

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Pakistan Affairs Notes | Information Technology (IT) Sector Development in Pakistan

Pakistan Affairs Notes

Information Technology (IT) Sector Development in Pakistan

The Government of Pakistan has provided a reliable IT infrastructure and its package of incentives have been instrumental in the IT industry’s development. As a result, an increasing number of foreign IT companies have chosen Pakistan for their outsourcing operations.

Check Also: Role of Industrial Sector in Economic Development | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

These incentives include:

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Role of Industrial Sector in Economic Development | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

Role of Industrial Sector in Economic Development

Increase in National Income:

Industrial sector also contributes in gross domestic product (GDP) of country According to year 2004-05 the contribution of industrial sector in GDP is 18.3 Percent. So in this ways this sector increases national GDP.

Development of industrial sector means more investment, employment and production. Increase in production will increase the national income. If we study the history of economic development we find that the growth in national income and per capita income has been accompanied by a relative decline in their dependence on agriculture. At present the share of industrial sector to GDP is 6.8%.

Higher standard of Living:

Industrialization helps in increasing the value of output per worker. The income of the labor, due to higher productivity increases. The rise in income raises the living standard of the people.

Economic Stability:

Industrial sector also helps government to stabilize price in country when goods are available in sufficient quantity. Industrialization is the best way to provide economic stability to the country. A nation which depends upon the production and export of raw material alone cannot compete the industrial nations.

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EBooks

UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION and INTERNATIONAL LAW Complete Book in PDF

UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION and INTERNATIONAL LAW Complete Book in PDF

Acknowledgement 

Words are bound and knowledge is limited to praise Almighty Allah, the lord of the Universe, the Beneficent, Merciful and the Gracious. Who is the entire source of all knowledge and wisdom endowed to humanity and who presented us in a Muslim community, whose blessing are the cherish fruits of my thoughts and modest effort in the form of this manuscript. The blessings of Allah give to us the ability to contribute a drop of material to the existing ocean of scientific knowledge.

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Causes of Industrial Backwardness In Pakistan | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

Causes of Industrial Backwardness In Pakistan | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

The causes of industrial backwardness in Pakistan are varied and complex. The Government of Pakistan since 1947 is trying to develop industries and infrastructure facilities for the growth of industrial sector, yet it has not achieved success to the desired extent. In the last over three decades the main obstacles which have slowed and retarded industrial development in Pakistan are as follows:

Political Instability:

The first and the foremost cause of the backwardness of the industry has been the political instability which has led to instability of policies. Each successive government unveils its own policies and disposes of all policies of previous government after it takes over. In the wake of such negligence from government’s part, the industrial sector is suffering a great setback.

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Current Affairs EBooks International Relations

The Conflict Locator | Download Complete in PDF FREE (for Current Affairs, International Relations)

The Conflict Locator | Download Complete in PDF FREE (for Current Affairs, International Relations)

Words are bound and knowledge is limited to praise Almighty Allah, the lord of the Universe, the Beneficent, Merciful and the Gracious. Who is the entire source of all knowledge and wisdom endowed to humanity and who presented us in a Muslim community, whose blessing are the cherish fruits of my thoughts and modest effort in the form of this manuscript. The blessings of Allah give to us the ability to contribute a drop of material to the existing ocean of scientific knowledge.

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Agriculture of Pakistan | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

Agriculture of Pakistan
Importat for CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

Major Crop Seasons:

Pakistan has two crop seasons, “Kharif” being the first sowing season starting from April-June and harvested during October-December.

Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, moong, mash, bajra and jowar are Kharif crops.

Rabi, the second sowing season1, begins as on October-December and is harvested in April-May.

Wheat, gram, lentil (masoor), tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard are “Rabi” crops.

Pakistan’s agricultural output is closely linked with the supply of irrigation water.

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Influence of Resources on Economic and Social Development

Economic and social development of a country mainly based on the natural resources. Influence and importance of resources are discussed below:

Influence of Resources on Economic Development

1. More Production:

Natural resources are helpful to increase in level of productivity by applying modern techniques of production. If a country is rich in resources it means there are more possibilities to enhance the production.

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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs

Irrigation System of Pakistan | CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

Irrigation System of Pakistan
CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes

1. Wells or Tube-wells: | Irrigation System of Pakistan

It is the oldest method of irrigation in Pakistan. Wells and Tube-wells system is successful where water level is high and where canal system is not common. Animal power and electricity is used for to obtain water from wells and tube-wells. To utilize ground water 0.7 million tube wells have been installed.