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CSS Notes Pakistan Affairs World General Knowledge

Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021

President confers civil awards to 184 Pakistanis, foreigners for excellence, services

President Dr Arif Alvi on August 14, 2020 conferred Pakistan’s civil awards to 184 Pakistanis and foreigners in recognition of their services to Pakistan and showing excellence in their respective fields.

Among the civil awards conferred by the president on Independence day included Nishan-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Pakistan, Sitarah-e-Shujaat and Sitarah-e-Imtiaz. The other categories included Pride of Performance, Sitarah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Khidmat, Tamgha-e-Pakistan, Tamgha-e-Shujaat, Tamgha-e-Imtiaz and Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam.

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World General Knowledge

Astronomical Terms & Definitions | World General Knowledge

Astronomical Terms & Definitions | World General Knowledge

Albedo:

In astronomy, the term albedo refers to the brightness of an object in space. Derived from Latin, albedo means “whiteness” (albus= “white”). Albedo is measured on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 refers to an object that is completely dark, i.e., it does not reflect any light. 1 on the scale refers to a perfectly reflective object. The Moon has an Albedo of 0.12, while Earth’s average albedo is 0.3.

Altitude (elevation):

Altitude or elevation is the vertical angle an object makes with the horizon.

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Pakistan Affairs Notes World General Knowledge

Glaciers in Pakistan | Pakistan General Knowledge

Glaciers in Pakistan | Pakistan General Knowledge

With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies. Those glaciers feed rivers that account for about 75 percent of the stored-water supply in the country of at least 200 million.

But as in many other parts of the world, researchers say, Pakistan’s glaciers are receding, especially those at lower elevations, including here in the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Among the causes cited by scientists: diminished snowfall, higher temperatures, heavier summer rainstorms and rampant deforestation.

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World General Knowledge

Brief Overview of English Literature

Brief Overview of English Literature

English Literature as an art consists more than a period of Six centuries approximately. Often we start reading it from the period of Chaucer but seeds of English language started to be sowed with the coming of ‘Saxons’ to England in 450 AD.

The History of English Language

The history of English Language started with the Normans (originally a Germanic Tribe) who had settled in Normandy in the north of France, and had adopted a modified French language and culture. As a result of the conquest, the refinement of French culture came to be introduced into England exerted a powerful and formative influence on its language and literature. The Norman rulers looked down upon the English as a barbarous and backward people, and despised the rude taste of their language that lacked the elegance and grace of French. Naturally under their rule French had to be the language of the Court and the Government, and those among the conquered people who had dealings with the Government thought it prudent to learn French in addition to their own language. The Conquest also tended to bring the native population together as never before, and the several dialects spoken in the different parts of the country were gradually assimilated to form a common language. English which was basically the Midland dialect, became common among people.

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World General Knowledge

Britain’s Unwritten Constitution | World General Knowledge

Britain’s Unwritten Constitution | World General Knowledge

Unlike most modern states, Britain does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions. Professor Robert Blackburn explains this system, including Magna Carta’s place within it, and asks whether the UK should now have a written constitution.

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World General Knowledge

World’s Famous Battles | World General Knowledge

World’s Famous Battles | World General Knowledge

The Tet Offensive: 1968

The decisive battle in the Vietnam War, this was launched by the Viet Cong of North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States and their allies on January 30, 1968 during the Vietnamese New Year or “Tet.” The offensive, which occurred prior to a ceasefire, had the Viet Congs disguised as revelers in a countrywide and well-coordinated attack with more than 80,000 Communist troops striking 100 towns and cities, and was considered the largest military operation conducted by either side during the war. Since the War of 1812, this was the first time that American forces were unable to gain victory.

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World General Knowledge

Military Operations and Code Names (Pakistan and World)

Pakistan: Major Military Operations

  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-I in Swat valley and Shangla district (2007)
  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-II in Swat valley and Shangla (2008)
  • Operation Sirat-i-Mustaqeem in Khyber Agency (2008)
  • Operation Sherdil jointly launched with Frontier Corps in Bajaur Agency (2008)
  • Operation Rah-i-Haq-III in Swat valley and Shangla (2009)
  • Operation Black Thunderstorm in Buner, Lower Dir and Shangla district (2009)
  • Operation Brekhna in Mohmand Agency (2009)
  • Operation Rah-i-Rast, commonly known as Swat Operation, (2009)
  • Operation Rah-i-Nijat in South Waziristan (2009)
  • Operation Raddul Fasaad’ (2017)
  • Khyber was the code-name for a military offensive conducted by Pakistan’s military in the Khyber Agency in four phases; Khyber-1, Khyber-2, Khyber-3 and Khyber-4. October 2014 – 21 August 2017
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World General Knowledge

Fathers of the Different Fields | World General Knowledge

World General Knowledge | Fathers of the Different Fields

Father of International Relations
?   Woodrow Wilson

Father of Nuclear Physics
?   Ernest Rutherford

Father of Pakistan Air Force
?   Air Chief Marshal M. Asghar Khan

Father of modern tourism
?   Thomas Cook

Father of the French Revolution
?   Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Father of Modern Medicine
?   Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina)

Father of History
?   Herodotus

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World General Knowledge

World General Knowledge | Tribes and Races of the World

World General Knowledge | Tribes and Races of the World

Having a general knowledge of the world can be beneficial in a variety of ways. It can help you to understand current events, make informed decisions, and better understand the perspectives of others. It can also make you more well-rounded and culturally aware, which can be beneficial in both personal and professional settings. Additionally, having a general knowledge of the world can make you a more interesting and engaging person to talk to, as you will have a wider range of topics that you can discuss with others.

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World General Knowledge

Forms of Government (World General Knowledge)

Forms of Government (World General Knowledge)

Anarchism

A system that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions. These are often described as stateless societies, although several authors have defined them more specifically as institutions based on non-hierarchical or free associations. Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and/or harmful.

Anarchy

A society without a publicly enforced government or political authority. Sometimes said to be non-governance; it is a structure which strives for non-hierarchical, voluntary associations among agents. Anarchy is a situation where there is no state.