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English Essay Essays Outlines

CSS Essay on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare

CSS Essay Outline on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare

In the modern parlance of military configuration, the much-hyped mantra of the Hybrid Warfare or the Fifth Generation Warfare is one of the most complexes, vague and threateningly overlapping component of war. In the post-WW II scenario, the US has developed world-class military might, sophisticated society, and exponentially booming economic prowess. This, with the grim progression of events, paved the way for countering the global US hegemonic status through asymmetric, unconventional warfare strategies. As a result, the invasive, lethal form of hybrid warfare gained momentum.

“There are but two types of men who desire war: those who haven’t the slightest intention of fighting it themselves, and those who haven’t the slightest idea what it is. … Any man who has seen the face of death knows better than to seek him out a second time.” Ibraham Lincoln

I. Hybrid warfare, Gray zone warfare, Fifth Generation warfare

A. Literal meaning
1. Combination of two or more distinct elements
B. In the parlance of modern military warfare
1. deliberately designed to remain below the threshold of conventional military conflict and open interstate war
2. Achieve those gains without escalating to overt warfare
3. Without crossing established red-lines
4. Without exposing the practitioner to the penalties and risks that such escalation might bring
5. The province of revisionist powers—those actors that seek to modify some aspect of the existing international environment—and the goal is to reap gains, whether territorial or otherwise
6. Unlike traditional warfare, grey-zone strategies will not produce decisive results within a defined time frame

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English Essay Essays Outlines

CSS Essay | South China Sea And Strategic Competition

CSS Essay Outline: South China Sea And Strategic Competition

This question is included in the CSS syllabus of International Relations,I.Law, Pakistan Affairs ,Current Affairs and US History.It is also helpful in essay.

Robert D. Kaplan in his book, Asia’s Cauldron: The South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific,says:“The South China Sea functions as the throat of the Western Pacific and Indian oceans—the mass of connective economic tissue where global sea routes coalesce. Here is the heart of Eurasia’s navigable rimland, punctuated by the Malacca, Sunda, Lombok, and Makassar straits. More than half of the world’s annual merchant fleet tonnage passes through these choke points, and a third of all maritime traffic worldwide.

Bill Hayton in his book,The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia ,says:“The South China Sea is a crucial link in the ‘global commons’, connecting the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Europe. Right now, along with the East China Sea, it is the most contested piece of sea in the world and one of the main reasons for the current anxiety over China’s intentions.”

China’s Premier Li Keqiang says, “China’s facilities, Chinese islands and reefs, are primarily for civilian purposes and even if there is a certain amount of defence equipment or facilities, it is for maintaining the freedom of navigation,”

I. Geostrategic, geopolitical and geo-economic importance of Water bodies

II. Strategic competition in the South China Sea

A. Important trade route and a busy waterway
Department of Defense report, $5.3 trillion worth of goods moves through the sea every year, which is about 30 percent of global maritime trade. That includes huge amounts of oil and $1.2 trillion worth of annual trade with the United States. Goods worth $5.3 trillion pass through the South China Sea10 percent of the world’s fish trade.
B. Rich in natural resources.
The US Energy Information Agency estimates there are some 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves under the sea, Its fisheries employ more than 3.5 million people.

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CSS Tips English Essay

Types of CSS ESSAYS By Mureed Hussain Jasra (CSP)

Types of Essays:

An essay is a piece of writing that methodically analyses and evaluates a topic, a question or an issue. Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get your academic opinion on a particular matter. Many students get confused about the word opinion in essay writing, and think that essay writing should just stick to report the facts and forget about opinion altogether. However, there are major differences between an academic opinion, based on strong evidences, and a personal opinion, based on emotion and feeling without concrete evidence and logic, and it is important to comprehend these when you are putting together an essay. Writing a good and comprehensive essay is not about simply surveying and re-telling existing ideas. Instead, a good essay takes into account various opinions and points of view and puts forward an argument that reflects the writer’s informed opinion and stance. Furthermore; there are many kinds of essays which differ from one another on the basis of formation of outline, selection of words, presentation of facts, organization of arguments, composition of paragraphs, forms of tenses and description or narration of ideas and events. Writing different types of essays effectively has become critical and key requirement to get good marks in essay writing. Students must remember that every type of essay has its own requirements and their different approaches can be obviously seen in structure. There are over a dozen types of essays, so it is easy to get confused. However, essentially there are four major types of essays which are included in CSS. These include;

1. Factual or Social Essays:

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CSS Tips English Essay

What is an Essay? By Mureed Hussain Jasra (CSP) | CSS Essays Tips

An essay is a piece of academic writing that generally consists of 1500 and 5000 words.

This is an intellectual exploration of a topic to find different arguments and evidences to develop the writer’s perspective, opinion or stance. The word essay originally means an attempt or a try at some topic, but technically it usually means a comprehensive piece of writing on a specific topic.

The purpose and given time of an essay determines its length and for students of CSS and PMS its length is 2500-3000 words or 20-25 paragraphs or 250-300 sentences. Every essay has four major portions which include outline, introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion.

Your examiner marks your essay, making comments not only about what you have said (content and arguments) but also the way you have written or organized all this in your essay (grammar, expression, structure). Your examiner will grade your essay too, so that you can see where you stand in relation to whatever standards apply to your examination.

However, one should not see essay writing is simply compilation of some information on some given topics without any coherence and logic but there should be logical connection among ideas, sentences and paragraphs. In addition to the above, an essay consists of three major parts:

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English Essay Essays Outlines

CSS Essay on US Foreign Policy in Trump’s Era

CSS Essay Outline on US Foreign Policy in Trump’s Era 

The new US foreign and domestic policy under the hawkish Trump administration is non-ideological, results-oriented, and crusading realist perspective premised on power and use of force in international politics. It espouses that America is better positioned to achieve its national interests in the milieu of sovereign states. It denigrates the international liberal order and terms it the major source of America’s problems. He says very audaciously, ‘a world that supports our interests and reflects our values makes America more secure and prosperous.’ Trump has replicated Winston Churchill’s dictum, ‘Government and peoples do not always take rational decisions, sometimes they take mad decisions.’

I. US presidential doctrines
II. The Democratic party
III. The Republican party
IV. Obama’s economic liberalization and cooperation
V. Trump’s transactional and inward-looking trajectory
VI. Major pillars of Trump administration’s foreign and domestic policies

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English Essay Essays Outlines

CSS Essay on Baluchistan Problem and Solutions

CSS Essay Outline on Baluchistan Problem and Solutions

The protracted and simmering issue of Baluchistan morphed into full-blown, precipitous crisis due to lack of pending issues of governance, highly securitized approach, and ,above all, systemic socio-economic disparities. Peeping back into the tawdry history, the people of Baluchistan demanded increased royalty and greater representation, but due to state’s topsy-turvy priorities and apathy they have started militant war and political initiatives for ‘Greater Baluchistan’.

I. Pakistan as a federation

II. Ethnic politics ,national integration and tensions between federal authority and provincial units

III. Historical perspective of Baluchistan

A. Military operation for the inclusion of Kalat under initial leadership-1948
B. Military operation under Gen.Ayub Khan
C. Military operation under Z.A.Bhutto
D. Military operation under Gen.P.Musharraf
E. The democratic dispensations and the military role from the sidelines

IV. Major players involved in Baluchistan crisis

A. The army
B. The federal govt
C. The natianlist Baluchistan parties
D. The militant political outfits
E. Extra-territorial players

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CSS Notes English Essay Solved CSS Past Papers

CSS Essay Poverty Alleviation | Complete Solved Essay (CSS Exams Solved Past Paperes)

Q.1   Strategies for the alleviation of poverty (CSS 2005)

Solved CSS Essay: Poverty Alleviation

“Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere”. It is a scrooge and one of the worst curses and miseries that a human can face. According to Homer. “This, this is misery! The last, the worst, that man can feel”.

Poverty can be measured either in absolute terms, for example, the number of those who cannot afford more than two pairs of shoes, or in relative terms, for example, the number of the poorest ten percent of house-holds. In either sense it is a concept, which is defined arbitrarily. Poverty exists not only because incomes are low, but also because the needs of certain low income households are high.

Poverty has many dimensions, which include economic, political, social, environmental and human dimensions. In economic terms a county, a region or a household is poor when the per capita income of a country or the income of a household is very low. Similarly the purchasing power of a poor country or household is below a certain minimum standard; there are low medical care and health facilities, productivity is very low and there is illiteracy.

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Essays Outlines Pakistan Affairs

Political Instability in Pakistan | Essay for CSS Exams

Abstract

This research was performed to investigate the role of political parties in Pakistan over the last two decades. This paper also attempts to discuss how parties and their actions affect the democratic culture in the state. I have investigated the roles of the political parties in Pakistan by examining their different functions, which include the responsibility to represent the civil society, to integrate the diverse elements of the society into a political system, and to respond to the demands and needs of the public. The internal politics of political parties in Pakistan and their criteria for recruitment and training leadership are discussed, as well as their effects on the political system of Pakistan.

The data were collected by researching secondary sources that discussed and evaluated the functions of political parties in Pakistan. A content analysis method was used to analyze the data and characterize the contributions of political parties to the political culture of Pakistan and their effects on the democratic system of Pakistan.

In this thesis, I have investigated the roles and mechanism of political parties in Pakistan based on an exploration of the roles of several prominent political parties, including the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz group) (PML (N)), the Pakistan People Party (PPP), the Awami National Party (ANP), and the Mutahida Quami Movement (MQM). During the past two decades, the PPP and PML (N) parties have remained prominent through the formation of alliances with other parties. This research discusses the roles of these parties in representation, integration, aggregation, recruiting, and training leadership during times in which these parties have held both power in government and represented the opposition.

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Essays Outlines

Essay Outline: Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare

Essay Outline: Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare

By: KIPS CSS Network

1. Introduction
Space; from pristine place of peace to an undeniably contested arena

2. Militarization of space in retrospect

3. Space; an ultimate strategic high ground
i) Major players in militarization of space
ii) U.S space endeavors ; an effort at protecting its hegemony in new arena of warfare
ii) China’s space ambitions; the rising dragon
iv) Russia’s growing space capabilities

4. Conceivable impacts of militarization of space on current warfare Strategic impacts
i) Space-based capabilities like GPS, communications and reconnaissance satellites are inevitable for militaries of 21st century.
ii) Balance of power dragged to the fourth arena of warfare
iii) New strengths; new vulnerabilities
iv) Space weapons and missile defense system technologies
v) Dual use of satellites; a peaceful purpose and potential military application
Political impacts
i) A conflict started in space could easily translate into a full blown war on Earth
ii) It would increase expenses based on threat perception rather than concrete intimidation.
iii) Politicians would have to convince the taxpayers to spend a huge amount of money on weaponization of space with little short term goals.
Economic impacts
i) It will cajole major powers to spend more on space programs
ii) Already amplified military expenses would further soar

5. Space for useful purposes; global endorsements and a shared dream
i) Existing and proposed legal instruments
ii) Need for global consensus to lay down rules for un-ruled space
iii) Bridging the trust deficit among adversaries
iv) Improved and effective role of United Nations to ensure a peaceful space

6. Conclusion

7. How to deal with these impacts for promising future prospects.


Complete Essay : Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare

World powers, over the decades, have been pursuing dominance in the outer space on pretext of peaceful purposes and for larger good of humanity. Ostensibly, these space programs are projected to reap benefits of weather monitoring, help in research and rescue, for detection of natural disasters, for advancement in science and technology and to deal with space debris. However, this is an open secret that world powers are seeking more military prowess in this erstwhile peaceful arena, this increased militarization of space has brought the modern age warfare to the ultimate high ground and it has profound impacts on economic, strategic and political arenas of modern warfare and is undoubtedly a potential existential threat. Space -a no man’s land- is no more a neutral playground, super power i.e. United States has successfully extended its hegemony and established its dominance in ultimate strategic high ground of space. Other major powers including Russia and China are contesting for their share of power in the space too.

Read Complete Essay Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare

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English Essay

Essay on Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare

CSS Essay on
Militarization of Space and its Impacts on Current Global Warfare
by: KIPS CSS Network

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World powers, over the decades, have been pursuing dominance in the outer space on pretext of peaceful purposes and for larger good of humanity. Ostensibly, these space programs are projected to reap benefits of weather monitoring, help in research and rescue, for detection of natural disasters, for advancement in science and technology and to deal with space debris. However, this is an open secret that world powers are seeking more military prowess in this erstwhile peaceful arena, this increased militarization of space has brought the modern age warfare to the ultimate high ground and it has profound impacts on economic, strategic and political arenas of modern warfare and is undoubtedly a potential existential threat. Space -a no man’s land- is no more a neutral playground, super power i.e. United States has successfully extended its hegemony and established its dominance in ultimate strategic high ground of space. Other major powers including Russia and China are contesting for their share of power in the space too.