Outline for CSS Essay: Civil Services Reforms
The services are the backbone of the state. Governments are formed. Governments are defeated. Prime Ministers come and go, ministers come and go, but you stay on. Therefore, there is a very great responsibility placed on your shoulders. You should have no hand in supporting this political party or that political party, this political leader or that political leader. This is not your business.
Writing an essay is complex and daunting process for many students, but this is pretty straight- forward and simple. Many students get confused about what the key elements are which are required in a good essay and how a teacher marks an essay. An essay is not treated as a whole but this is divided in some basic components and examiners give equal marks to all components and these are;
1. Structure 20
2. Content 20
3. Expression 20
4. Grammar 20
5. Argument 20
However; most of students do not know all this and they put their maximum effort on content without knowing expression, grammar and structure (number of sentences and ideas) of a paragraph and even structure of a sentence.
CSS Essay Outline on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare
In the modern parlance of military configuration, the much-hyped mantra of the Hybrid Warfare or the Fifth Generation Warfare is one of the most complexes, vague and threateningly overlapping component of war. In the post-WW II scenario, the US has developed world-class military might, sophisticated society, and exponentially booming economic prowess. This, with the grim progression of events, paved the way for countering the global US hegemonic status through asymmetric, unconventional warfare strategies. As a result, the invasive, lethal form of hybrid warfare gained momentum.
“There are but two types of men who desire war: those who haven’t the slightest intention of fighting it themselves, and those who haven’t the slightest idea what it is. … Any man who has seen the face of death knows better than to seek him out a second time.” Ibraham Lincoln
A. Literal meaning
1. Combination of two or more distinct elements
B. In the parlance of modern military warfare
1. deliberately designed to remain below the threshold of conventional military conflict and open interstate war
2. Achieve those gains without escalating to overt warfare
3. Without crossing established red-lines
4. Without exposing the practitioner to the penalties and risks that such escalation might bring
5. The province of revisionist powers—those actors that seek to modify some aspect of the existing international environment—and the goal is to reap gains, whether territorial or otherwise
6. Unlike traditional warfare, grey-zone strategies will not produce decisive results within a defined time frame
151. Sulaiman bin Ashat is the name of Imam Abu Dawood. Who was Ahmad bin Shoaib?
(a) Imam Bukhari
(b) Imam Nisai
(c) Ibne-Maja
(d) None of these
Answer: B
152. The famous book of Fiqh “Kitab-ul-Kharaj” was written by:
(a) Imam Abu Hanifa
(b) Imam Shafe’i
(c) Imam Abu Yousaf
(d) Imam Malik
Answer: C
153. He was called as the kidnapper of the scholars:
(a) Haroon-ur-Rasheed
(b) Mahmood Ghaznavi
(c) Abu Jafar Mansoor
(d) Alamgir
Answer: B
154. Which of the following was mystic?
(a) Shah Jahan
(b) Dara Shakoh
(c) Alamgir
(d) None of these
Answer: B
CSS Essay Outline: South China Sea And Strategic Competition
This question is included in the CSS syllabus of International Relations,I.Law, Pakistan Affairs ,Current Affairs and US History.It is also helpful in essay.
Robert D. Kaplan in his book, Asia’s Cauldron: The South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific,says:“The South China Sea functions as the throat of the Western Pacific and Indian oceans—the mass of connective economic tissue where global sea routes coalesce. Here is the heart of Eurasia’s navigable rimland, punctuated by the Malacca, Sunda, Lombok, and Makassar straits. More than half of the world’s annual merchant fleet tonnage passes through these choke points, and a third of all maritime traffic worldwide.
Bill Hayton in his book,The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia ,says:“The South China Sea is a crucial link in the ‘global commons’, connecting the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Europe. Right now, along with the East China Sea, it is the most contested piece of sea in the world and one of the main reasons for the current anxiety over China’s intentions.”
China’s Premier Li Keqiang says, “China’s facilities, Chinese islands and reefs, are primarily for civilian purposes and even if there is a certain amount of defence equipment or facilities, it is for maintaining the freedom of navigation,”
A. Important trade route and a busy waterway
Department of Defense report, $5.3 trillion worth of goods moves through the sea every year, which is about 30 percent of global maritime trade. That includes huge amounts of oil and $1.2 trillion worth of annual trade with the United States. Goods worth $5.3 trillion pass through the South China Sea10 percent of the world’s fish trade.
B. Rich in natural resources.
The US Energy Information Agency estimates there are some 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves under the sea, Its fisheries employ more than 3.5 million people.
26) Who among the following held the view that the “State comes into existence for the sake of life and it continues for the sake of good life”?
(a) J. Bentham
(b) T.H. Green
(c) Aristotle
(d) Plato
Answer. (c)
27) Congress of Vienna took place in: (CSS 2000)
(a) 1648
(b) 1815
(c) 1899
(d) None of these.
Answer: (b)
28) The term nationality is derived from a Latin word: (CSS 2004)
(a) NATIO
(b) Nation
(c) NATIA
(d) None of these
Answer: (c)
29) According to Quincy Write the approaches to the study of international politics are: (CSS 2004)
(a) 18
(b) 21
(c) 23
(d) None of these
Answer: (d)
An essay is a piece of writing that methodically analyses and evaluates a topic, a question or an issue. Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get your academic opinion on a particular matter. Many students get confused about the word opinion in essay writing, and think that essay writing should just stick to report the facts and forget about opinion altogether. However, there are major differences between an academic opinion, based on strong evidences, and a personal opinion, based on emotion and feeling without concrete evidence and logic, and it is important to comprehend these when you are putting together an essay. Writing a good and comprehensive essay is not about simply surveying and re-telling existing ideas. Instead, a good essay takes into account various opinions and points of view and puts forward an argument that reflects the writer’s informed opinion and stance. Furthermore; there are many kinds of essays which differ from one another on the basis of formation of outline, selection of words, presentation of facts, organization of arguments, composition of paragraphs, forms of tenses and description or narration of ideas and events. Writing different types of essays effectively has become critical and key requirement to get good marks in essay writing. Students must remember that every type of essay has its own requirements and their different approaches can be obviously seen in structure. There are over a dozen types of essays, so it is easy to get confused. However, essentially there are four major types of essays which are included in CSS. These include;
101. Who wrote ‘Hisab at Jabr wal Muqablah’?
(a) Ibne Sina
(b) Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khwarzimi
(c) Al-Razi
(d) Al-Beruni
Answer: B
102. The first great Arab alchemist was:
(a) Ibne Sina
(b) Jabir bin Hayyan
(c) Al-Razi
(d) Khālid ibn Yazīd
Answer: D (According to the bibliographer Ibn al-Nadīm, the first Muslim alchemist was Khālid ibn Yazīd, who is said to have studied alchemy under the Christian Marianos of Alexandria. The historicity of this story is not clear; according to M. Ullmann, it is a legend.)
103. Who is called as the “Herodotus of Arabs”?
(a) Tabari
(b) Abul Hassan Ali Al-Masudi
(c) Ibne-Athir
(d) None of these
Answer: B
104. The first biography on the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) is by:
(a) Ibne Ishaq
(b) Ibn-e-Hisham
(c) Al-Zarqali
(d) Al Waqidi
Answer: B (Ibn Hisham wrote As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, an edited version of Ibn Ishaq’s original work. It is now considered one of the classic works on the biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.)
An essay is a piece of academic writing that generally consists of 1500 and 5000 words.
This is an intellectual exploration of a topic to find different arguments and evidences to develop the writer’s perspective, opinion or stance. The word essay originally means an attempt or a try at some topic, but technically it usually means a comprehensive piece of writing on a specific topic.
The purpose and given time of an essay determines its length and for students of CSS and PMS its length is 2500-3000 words or 20-25 paragraphs or 250-300 sentences. Every essay has four major portions which include outline, introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion.
Your examiner marks your essay, making comments not only about what you have said (content and arguments) but also the way you have written or organized all this in your essay (grammar, expression, structure). Your examiner will grade your essay too, so that you can see where you stand in relation to whatever standards apply to your examination.
However, one should not see essay writing is simply compilation of some information on some given topics without any coherence and logic but there should be logical connection among ideas, sentences and paragraphs. In addition to the above, an essay consists of three major parts:
CSS Essay Outline on US Foreign Policy in Trump’s Era
The new US foreign and domestic policy under the hawkish Trump administration is non-ideological, results-oriented, and crusading realist perspective premised on power and use of force in international politics. It espouses that America is better positioned to achieve its national interests in the milieu of sovereign states. It denigrates the international liberal order and terms it the major source of America’s problems. He says very audaciously, ‘a world that supports our interests and reflects our values makes America more secure and prosperous.’ Trump has replicated Winston Churchill’s dictum, ‘Government and peoples do not always take rational decisions, sometimes they take mad decisions.’