Category: CSS Subjects

Categories
CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan (CSS 2016 Solved Question) | CSS Notes

Status of Women Studies in Pakistan

Q. Write a note on status of women’s studies in Pakistan and give your views on the autonomy/integration debate in Women’s Studies. (CSS-2016)

Women were a big portion of population around the globe and they had been deprived of economic and social development. As a weaker or second sex, the woman had been kept away from the main stream objectives in societies.

In Pakistan, women access to property, education and employment remained lower than men because Pakistani society was predominantly patriarchal and here women participation in society was low in percentage.

Despite improvement in Pakistan’s literacy rate, educational status of Pakistani women was the lowest in the world. The literacy rate of urban women was five times higher than that of rural women.

The emerging changes are the women studies considered the way that describes the status in the same manner in Pakistan and it is being represented by the whole world. The biggest approach of Women in Development approach is the ways that endorse the women studies and even the literature required for the reduction of gaps between social outcomes in both sex. The roles or responsibilities required at women and men perspective is being presented by the material required for the effective material diversification in Pakistan.

Continue reading “Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan (CSS 2016 Solved Question) | CSS Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes English (Precis and Composition) GK MCQ’s MCQs

English Grammar Solved MCQs Sentence Completion (Prepositions)

English Grammar Solved MCQs Sentence Completion (Prepositions)

Choose the appropriate preposition form from the given options to fill in the blanks below.

Please Encourage us by Liking Our Facebook page. Thanks

English Grammar MCQs For: CSS, PMS, PCS, NTS, OTS, BTS, PPSC, FPSC and all other relevant Exams

01. The book has __________ 300 pages.
(a) for
(b) around
(c) between
(d) through
Answer: (b)

02. They went off ___________ the wide world, so their parents didn’t see them again.
(a) over
(b) to
(c) into
(d) through
Answer: (c)

Continue reading “English Grammar Solved MCQs Sentence Completion (Prepositions)”

Categories
CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Core Values of Public Administration

Core Values of Public Administrations

Responsiveness and Quality

Reforms acquire legitimacy to the extent that they are able to deal with this perceived failing. But what citizens expect is less easy to define. They want more efficient and effective service delivery, certainly, and this puts the administration and the citizens in a provider-consumer relationship. But they also demand freedom and equity, which presupposes that the government will protect “the public interest”. Service delivery thus gains a central role. Some common elements have been identified as essential to sustained, responsive service delivery.

Continue reading “Core Values of Public Administration”

Categories
Essays Outlines

Essay Outline and Intro: Corruption in Pakistan

Corruption Essay Outlines

Corruption in Pakistan is on the decline, as Transparency International Berlin released its annual global report 2015 showing Pakistan further improving its ranking from the 50th most corrupt country in 2014 to 53rd in 2015. The political will of the government to fight corruption is lacking which has resulted in the Supreme Court of Pakistan to take suo-moto action against mega corruption in NlCL, Pakistan Steel, Rental Power Plants. The CPI 2010 reveals that corruption in Pakistan is increasing, while in Bangladesh it is decreasing. Bangladesh was perceived to be the most corrupt country in 2001, 2002 and 2003 and its ranking in 2010 is the 39th most corrupt country. Reduced corruption has paid dividends to Bangladesh whose annual GDP growth last year was over 5%, while Pakistan’s GDP growth last year was near 2.4 %. Delay in formation of an Independent Accountability Commission by the parliament may further aggravate the situation.

Continue reading “Essay Outline and Intro: Corruption in Pakistan”

Categories
Essays Outlines

Essay Outline: China Pakistan Energy Corridor (CPEC)

China Pakistan Economic Coridor CPEC Essay for CSS

The CPEC is a 3,000-kilometre network of roads, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas from Gwadar Port to Kashgar city, northwestern China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China Daily reports. China and Pakistan have agreed to build One Belt One Road project more commonly known as China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is expected to bring about both peace and prosperity in South Asia. This corridor will link between Kashgar in north-western China to Pakistan’s Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea near the border with Iran via roads, railways and pipelines. There are many internal and external challenges for Pakistan government to implement this multi-dollars project. However, it is a game changer project which will transforn1 the fate of Pakistan and will help Pakistan modernize. It will improve the economy and trade, enhance regional connectivity, overcome energy crises, develop infrastructure and establish people to people contacts in both the countries.

Proposed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang during his visit to Pakistan in May 2013, the CPEC will act as a bridge for the new Maritin1e Silk Route that envisages linking three billion people in Asia, Africa and Europe.

The project links China’s strategy to develop its western region with Pakistan’s focus on boosting its economy, including the infrastructure construction of Gwadar Port, together with some energy cooperatton and investment programmes. It also involves road and railway construction including an upgrade of the 1,300-km Karakoram Highway, the highest paved international road in the world which connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountains.

Continue reading “Essay Outline: China Pakistan Energy Corridor (CPEC)”

Categories
General Science & Ability GK MCQ’s MCQs

General Science & Ability | Constituents and Structure Solved MCQs (Set-III)

Constituents and Structure General Science MCQs for FPSC Exams

101) Which type of star is maintained by the pressure of an electron gas?
(a) Main Sequence Star
(b) White Dwarf
(c) Neutron Star
(d) Black Hole
Answer: (b)
White dwarfs are stars supported by pressure of degenerate electron gas. i.e. in their interiors thermal energy kT is much smaller then Fermi energy Ep. We shall derive the equations of structure of white dwarfs, sometimes called degenerate dwarfs, in the limiting case when their thermal pressure may be neglected, but the degenerate electron gas may be either non-relativistic. somewhat relativistic. or ultra-relativistic.

102) Which of the following first hypothesized that the Earth orbited the sun?
(a) Alexander the Great
(b) Copernicus
(c) Socrates
(d) Tycho Brahe
Answer: (b)
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.

Continue reading “General Science & Ability | Constituents and Structure Solved MCQs (Set-III)”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

Non-Alignment Movement | CSS International Relations Notes

Non Alignment Movement in International Relations

Non-Alignment Movement | CSS International Relations Notes

What is Non-Alignment?

Many writers have used the term non-alignment to be synonymous to terms like isolationism, non- commitment, neutrality, or non-involvement. Yet for the student of IR, these terms are not inter- changeable. Isolationism implies adopting a policy of aloofness; non-commitment implies detachment generally in international relations; and non-involvement implies detachment from tensions specifically between power blocs. Political neutrality has the closest similarity to non-alignment. While the former implies a specific context, the latter refers to a broader and continuing international situation.

Non-Alignment’s Implications

Non-Alignment implies keeping out of alliances in general and military pacts in particular. Conceptually it is not meant to be a policy of passive but of active involvement in the struggle against imperial and colonial determination. Non-Alignment is meant to be dynamic and constructive rather than static and negative.

Continue reading “Non-Alignment Movement | CSS International Relations Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

New International Economic Order | CSS International Relations Notes

New International Economic Order

New International Economic Order | CSS International Relations Notes

Changing Economic Circumstances

Since WWII, the world economy has undergone drastic changes brought about by changing political circumstances, industrial and technological changes, and changing trade patterns. The dominant economic order which prevailed for four decades after WWII is referred to as IEO.

IEO Subsystems

North-West System: referred to financial and trade linkages between developed nations of Western Europe, Japan and North America.

North-East System: referred to centrally controlled economies of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

South System: referred to developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America

Criticism of IEO

Economics based on nationalistic grounds has received a lot of criticism. It failed to function in the case of the North-east, leading to the collapse of the USSR.

The control of capital and use of neo-colonial and imperialistic tendencies in terms of trade resulted in large disparities around the world. The North-West system donated money to the South System, but it was not enough to remove widespread poverty. Many developing countries and segments of the population within the developed world called for a revision of the prevailing IEO.

Continue reading “New International Economic Order | CSS International Relations Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

Imperialism in International Relations | CSS International Relations Notes

Imperialism in International Relations

Imperialism in International Relations | CSS International Relations Notes

What is Imperialism?

Imperialism is the process of extending the rule of government beyond the boundaries of its original state. Imperialism establishes a relationship, formal or informal, in which one state uses direct military or economic means, to control the political sovereignty of another political entity.

Imperialism therefore implies the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct control of territories or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics or economies of other countries. The term is used by some to describe the policy of a country in maintaining colonies and dominance over distant lands, regardless of whether the country calls itself an empire.

Continue reading “Imperialism in International Relations | CSS International Relations Notes”

Categories
CSS Notes International Relations

Colonialism & Neo-Colonialism in International Relations

colonialism and Newo-Colonialism ini International Relations

Colonialism & Neo-Colonialism in International Relations

Colonialism is an elusive concept. It is a political, a legal, an economic, a cultural and a social phenomenon, which does not lend itself to a short and clear definition. While colonizing states refrained from defining colonialism, many scholars of various disciplines have written about the subject.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the mid-14th century “colonye” was used to describe the Roman settling, creating outposts, or occupying lands outside the Roman city-state. Colonialism emerged around the 19th century to reify a European practice that was becoming prevalent across the world.

Continue reading “Colonialism & Neo-Colonialism in International Relations”