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1 Chauffeur
ڈرائیور گاڑی چلانے والا ملازم
One who drives a motor-car
2 Misanthropist
A hater of mankind
3 Seismography
زلزلہ نگاری یا پیمائی
An instrument of detecting earthquake
4 Altruist
خلق دوست انسان دوست ایثار پسند
A lover of others
5 Curator
عجائب گھر کا مہتمم محافظ
A person who is in-charge of a museum
HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION
By
P.C. WREN, MA. (OXON) and H. MARTIN, M.A. (OXON), O.B.E.
Wren and Martin’s monumental work High School English Grammar and Composition now appears in two editions. One is a deluxe edition, illustrated in full-colour, and the other is an ordinary edition without illustrations.
The end of Muslim rule in India was as spasmodic as its beginning. It took five hundred years for its establishment (712-1206) and one hundred and fifty years for its decline and fall (1707-1857). The benchmarks of its establishment are C.E. 712 when Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sind, 1000 when Mahmud of Ghazni embarked upon a series of expeditions against Hindustan, 1192-1206 when Prithviraj Chauhan lost to Muhammad Ghauri and Qutbuddin Aibak set up the Turkey Sultanate at Delhi, and 1296 when Alauddin Khalji pushed into the Deccan. The stages of its downfall are 1707 when Aurangzeb died, 1739 when a trembling Mughal Emperor stood as a suppliant before the Persian Invader Nadir Shah, 1803 when Delhi was captured by the British, and 1858 when the last Mughal ruler was sent to Rangoon as a prisoner of the Raj.
For five centuries-thirteenth to seventeenth-however, most parts of India were under Muslim rule, though with varying degrees of effectiveness in different regions of the country. But at no single point of time was the whole country ruled exclusively by the Muslims. On the other hand, the five hundred year long Muslim rule did not fail to influence Indian political and cultural life in all its facets. Muslim rule apart, Muslim contact with India can be counted from the seventh century itself. Naturally, the interaction of Muslim culture with the Hindu way of life, backed by the superimposition of Muslim rule in India, gave rise to a sort of a common Indian culture. But only a sort of, there is a superficial veneer about it. On the face of it the influence of Islam on Indian culture is to be seen in all spheres of life, in architecture, painting, music, and literature; in social institutions like marriage ceremonies, in eating habits, in gourmet and cuisine, sartorial fashions and so on. In actual fact, Hindus and Muslims lead their own lives, mostly in isolation from one another, except for personal friendships. Even living together for a thousand years has not welded Hindus and Muslims into one people. Why is it so?
401. Michelangelo was famous artist and painter of
(a) Spain
(b) Italy (Correct)
(c) Netherlands
(d) France
402. The first nuclear power plant was set up in Karachi in
(a) 1971
(b) 1970
(c) 1972 (Correct)
(d) 1973
403. Which is the highest mountain peak of the world?
(a) Mount Everest (Correct)(b) K2
(c) Nanga Parbat
(d) None of these
404. Which is the largest river of Asia?
(a) Yangtze Kiang (Correct)(b) Indus
(c) Hawang Ho
(d) Ob
405. Where is Red Square situated?
(a) Kashmir
(b) Moscow (Correct)
(c) China
(d) New York
301. Name the first man to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911 was
(a) Sir Francis Drake
(b) Ronald Amundsen(correct)
(c) The Navigator Ferdinand Magellan
(d) None of the above
302. Ronald Amundsen belonged to
(a) England
(b) Norway(correct)
(c) Magellan
(d) USA
303. Which one of the following gas was used as a chemical weapon in the First World War?
(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Hydrogen cyanide
(c) Mustard gas(correct)
(d) None of the above
304. What was the immediate cause for the outbreak of the First World War?
(a) The imprisonment of Lenin
(b) The sudden death of Lloyd George
(c) The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand(correct)
(d) None of the above
305. Which of the following countries is a landlocked country?
(a) Uruguay
(b) Pakistan
(c) Switzerland(correct)
(d) All of above
306. Which is the second longest mountain of the world?
(a) Indies
(b) Karakoram
(c) Himalayas(correct)
(d) Hindu Kush
307. Which river crosses the Equator twice?
(a) Amazon River
(b) Congo River(correct)
(c) Nile River
(d) Indus River
201. Which of the following countries is a landlocked country?
(a) Uruguay
(b) Pakistan
(c) Bolivia (Correct)
(d) All of above
202. “Liverpool” and Bristal are the seaports of:
(a) USA
(b) Russia
(c) UK (Correct)
(d) Brazil
203. Which place is called “City of Mosques”?
(a) Dhaka (Correct)
(b) Lahore
(c) Islamabad
(d) Baghdad
204. ‘Island of Cloves’ is the nickname of:
(a) Sweden
(b) Madagascar (Correct)
(c) Cuba
(d) Iraq
205. Which of the following is the Parliament of Japan?
(a) Folketing
(b) Yuan
(c) Knesset
(d) Diet (Correct)
101. “The Last Days of United Pakistan” is written by
(a) G.W. Chaudhry (Correct)
(b) Ahmad Mushtaq
(c) Dr. Waheed Qureshi
(d) Chaudhry Muhammad Ahsan
102. In which year Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to the International Committee of the Red Cross?
(a) 1917
(b) 1944
(c) 1963
(d) All of these (Correct)
103. Which of the following is the power resource mineral?
(a) Coal (Correct)
(b) Iron ore
(c) Limestone
(d) Copper
104. The planet nearest to the Earth is
(a) Mercury
(b) Jupiter
(c) Venus (Correct)
(d) None of them
105. Swaziland is the landlocked country of
(a) Europe
(b) Asia
(c) Africa (Correct)
(d) South America
1. Who was the first secretary general of All India Muslim League?
(a) Hassan Bilgrami (Correct)
(b) Nawab Mohsan ul Mulk
(c) Nawab Waqar ul Mulk
(d) Nawab Saleem Ullah
2. What was the profession of Fatima Jinnah?
(a) Dentist (Correct)
(b) Teacher
(c) Nurse
(d) Lady Doctor
3. Monsoon season in Pakistan starts in July and end in
(a) August
(b) September (Correct)
(c) October
(d) November
| Scientific Laws | Field | Person(s) Named After |
| Abel’s theorem | Calculus | Niels Henrik Abel |
| Amdahl’s law | Computer science | Gene Amdahl |
| Ampère’s circuital law | Physics | André-Marie Ampère |
| Archie’s law | Geology | Gus Archie |
| Archimedes’s principle
Axiom of Archimedes |
Physics
Analysis |
Archimedes |
| Arrhenius equation | Chemical kinetics | Svante Arrhenius |
| Avogadro’s law | Thermodynamics | Amedeo Avogadro |
| Bell’s theorem | Quantum mechanics | John Stewart Bell |
| Benford’s law | Mathematics | Frank Benford |
| Beer–Lambert law | Optics | August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert |
| Bernoulli’s principle
Bernoulli’s equation |
Physical sciences | Daniel Bernoulli |
| Biot–Savart law | scientific laws | Electromagnetics, fluid dynamics | Jean Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart |
| Birch’s law | Geophysics | Francis Birch |
| Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy | Physics | Nikolay Bogoliubov, Max Born, Herbert Green, John Kirkwood, and J. Yvon |
| Bogoliubov transformation | scientific laws | Quantum mechanics | Nikolay Bogoliubov |
| Boltzmann equation | Thermodynamics | Ludwig Boltzmann |
| Born’s law | Quantum mechanics | Max Born |
| Boyle’s law | scientific laws | Thermodynamics | Robert Boyle |
| Bragg’s Law | Physics | William Lawrence Bragg, William Henry Bragg |
| Bradford’s law | Computer science | Samuel C. Bradford |
| Buys Ballot’s law | Meteorology | C.H.D. Buys Ballot |
| Byerlee’s law | Geophysics | James Byerlee |
| Carnot’s theorem | scientific laws | Thermodynamics | Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot |
| Cauchy’s integral formula
Cauchy–Riemann equations |
Complex analysis | Augustin Louis Cauchy
Augustin Louis Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann |
| Cayley–Hamilton theorem | scientific laws | Linear algebra | Arthur Cayley and William Hamilton |
| Charles’s law | Thermodynamics | Jacques Charles |
| Chandrasekhar limit | Astrophysics | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
| Church–Turing thesis | Computer science | Alonzo Church and Alan Turing |
| Coulomb’s law | Physics | Charles Augustin de Coulomb |
| Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac (frequently called Charles’s law) | Thermodynamics | Jacques Charles and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac |
| Clifford’s theorem | scientific laws
Clifford’s circle theorems |
Algebraic geometry, Geometry | William Kingdon Clifford |
| Curie’s law | Physics | Pierre Curie |
| Curie–Weiss law | Physics | Pierre Curie and Pierre-Ernest Weiss |
| D’Alembert’s paradox
D’Alembert’s principle |
Fluid dynamics, Physics | Jean le Rond d’Alembert |
| Dalton’s law of partial pressure | Thermodynamics | John Dalton |
| Darcy’s law | Fluid mechanics | Henry Darcy |
| De Bruijn–Erdős theorem | Mathematics | Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn and Paul Erdős |
| De Morgan’s law | Logic | Augustus De Morgan |
| Dermott’s law | Celestial mechanics | Stanley Dermott |
| Descartes’s theorem | Geometry | René Descartes |
| Dirac equation
Dirac delta function Dirac comb Dirac spinor Dirac operator |
Mathematics, Physics | Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac |
| Drake equation | Cosmology | Frank Drake |
| Doppler effect | Physics | Christian Doppler |
| Ehrenfest’s theorem | Quantum mechanics | Paul Ehrenfest |
| Einstein’s general theory of relativity
Einstein’s special theory of relativity |
Physics | Albert Einstein |
| Erdős–Anning theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Norman H. Anning |
| Erdős–Beck theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and József Beck |
| Erdős–Gallai theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Tibor Gallai |
| Erdős–Kac theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Mark Kac |
| Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős, Ke Zhao, and Richard Rado |
| Erdős–Nagy theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy |
| Erdős–Rado theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Richard Rado |
| Erdős–Stone theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Arthur Harold Stone |
| Erdős–Szekeres theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and George Szekeres |
| Erdős–Szemerédi theorem | Mathematics | Paul Erdős and Endre Szemerédi |
| Euclid’s theorem | Number theory | Euclid |
| Euler’s theorem | Number theory | Leonhard Euler |
| Faraday’s law of induction
Faraday’s law of electrolysis |
Electromagnetism
Chemistry |
Michael Faraday |
| Faxén’s law | Fluid dynamics | Hilding Faxén |
| Fermat’s principle
Fermat’s last theorem Fermat’s little theorem |
Optics
Number theory Number theory |
Pierre de Fermat |
| Fermi paradox
Fermi’s golden rule Fermi acceleration Fermi hole Fermionic field Fermi level |
Cosmology, Physics | Enrico Fermi |
| Fick’s law of diffusion | Thermodynamics | Adolf Fick |
| Fitts’s law | Ergonomics | Paul Fitts |
| Fourier’s law | Thermodynamics | Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier |
| Gauss’s law
Gauss’s law for magnetism Gauss’s principle of least constraint Gauss’s digamma theorem Gauss’s hypergeometric theorem Gaussian function |
Mathematics, Physics | Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss |
| Gay-Lussac’s law | Chemistry | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac |
| Gibbs–Helmholtz equation | Thermodynamics | Josiah Willard Gibbs, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz |
| Gödel’s incompleteness theorems | Mathematics | Kurt Gödel |
| Graham’s law | Thermodynamics | Thomas Graham |
| Green’s law | Fluid dynamics | George Green |
| Grimm’s law | Linguistics | Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm |
| Gustafson’s law | Computer science | John L. Gustafson |
| Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle | Theoretical physics | Werner Heisenberg |
| Heaps’ law | LInguistics | Harold Stanley Heaps |
| Hellmann–Feynman theorem | Physics | Hans Hellmann, Richard Feynman |
| Henry’s law | Thermodynamics | William Henry |
| Hertz observations | Electromagnetism | Heinrich Hertz |
| Hess’s law | Thermodynamics | Germain Henri Hess |
| Hilbert’s basis theorem
Hilbert’s axioms Hilbert function Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem Hilbert’s syzygy theorem Hilbert’s Theorem 90 Hilbert’s theorem |
Mathematics | David Hilbert |
| Hohenberg–Kohn theorem | Quantum mechanics | Pierre Hohenberg and Walter Kohn |
| Helmholtz’s theorems
Helmholtz theorem Helmholtz free energy Helmholtz decomposition Helmholtz equation Helmholtz resonance |
Thermodynamics
Physics |
Hermann von Helmholtz |
| Hooke’s law | Physics | Robert Hooke |
| Hopkinson’s law | Electromagnetism | John Hopkinson |
| Hubble’s law | Cosmology | Edwin Hubble |
| Hund’s rules | Atomic physics | Friedrich Hund |
| Huygens–Fresnel principle | Optics | Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel |
| Joule’s laws | Physics | James Joule |
| Jurin’s law | Physics | James Jurin |
| Kasha’s rule | Photochemistry | Michael Kasha |
| Kepler’s laws of planetary motion | Astrophysics | Johannes Kepler |
| Kirchhoff’s laws | Electronics, thermodynamics | Gustav Kirchhoff |
| Kopp’s law | Thermodynamics | Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp |
| Lagrangian point
Lagrange reversion theorem Lagrange polynomial Lagrange’s four-square theorem Lagrange’s theorem Lagrange’s theorem (group theory) Lagrange invariant Lagrange multiplier |
Mathematics, Astrophysics | Joseph-Louis Lagrange |
| Lambert’s cosine law | Physics | Johann Heinrich Lambert |
| Lamm equation | Chemistry, Biophysics | Ole Lamm |
| Langmuir equation | Surface Chemistry | Irving Langmuir |
| Laplace transform
Laplace’s equation Laplace operator Laplace distribution Laplace invariant Laplace expansion Laplace principle Laplace limit |
Mathematics
Physics Probability Theory Statistical mechanics |
Pierre-Simon Laplace |
| Le Chatelier’s principle | Chemistry | Henri Louis le Chatelier |
| Leibniz’s law | Ontology | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz |
| Lenz’s law | Physics | Heinrich Lenz |
| Leonard–Merritt mass estimator | Astrophysics | Peter Leonard, David Merritt |
| l’Hôpital’s rule | Mathematics | Guillaume de l’Hôpital |
| Llinás’s law | Neuroscience | Rodolfo Llinás |
| Mach principle
Mach reflection |
Physics | Ernst Mach |
| Marconi’s law | Radio technology | Guglielmo Marconi |
| Markovnikov’s rule | Organic chemistry | Vladimir Markovnikov |
| Maupertuis’s principle | Mathematics | Pierre Louis Maupertuis |
| Maxwell’s equations
Maxwell relations |
Electrodynamics
Thermodynamics |
James Clerk Maxwell |
| Mendelian inheritance/Mendel’s laws | Genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| Metcalfe’s law | Network theory | Robert Metcalfe |
| Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect | Particle physics | Stanislav Mikheyev, Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein |
| Milner–Rado paradox | Mathematical logic | Eric Charles Milner and Richard Rado |
| Minkowski’s theorem | Number theory | Hermann Minkowski |
| Mitscherlich’s law | Crystallography
Condensed matter physics |
Eilhard Mitscherlich |
| Moore’s law | Computing | Gordon Moore |
| Nash embedding theorem
Nash equilibrium |
Topology
Game Theory |
John Forbes Nash |
| Nernst equation | Electrochemistry | Walther Nernst |
| Newton’s law of cooling
Newton’s law of universal gravitation Newton’s laws of motion |
Thermodynamics
Astrophysics Mechanics |
Isaac Newton |
| Niven’s theorem | Mathematics | Ivan Niven |
| Noether’s theorem | Theoretical physics | Emmy Noether |
| Nurgaliev’s law | Demography | Nurgaliev’s law |
| Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem | Information theory | Harry Nyquist, Claude Elwood Shannon |
| Occam’s razor | Philosophy of science | William of Ockham |
| Ohm’s law | Electronics | Georg Ohm |
| Osipkov–Merritt model | Astrophysics | Leonid Osipkov, David Merritt |
| Ostwald dilution law | Physical chemistry | Wilhelm Ostwald |
| Paley–Wiener theorem | Mathematics | Raymond Paley and Norbert Wiener |
| Pareto distribution
Pareto efficiency Pareto index Pareto principle |
Economics | Vilfredo Pareto |
| Pascal’s law
Pascal’s theorem |
Physics
Geometry |
Blaise Pascal |
| Pauli exclusion principle | Quantum mechanics | Wolfgang Pauli |
| Peano axioms | Foundational mathematics | Giuseppe Peano |
| Planck’s law | Electromagnetism | Max Planck |
| Poincaré–Bendixson theorem | Mathematics | Henri Poincaré and Ivar Otto Bendixson |
| Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem | Mathematics | Henri Poincaré, George David Birkhoff, and Ernst Witt |
| Poincaré–Hopf theorem | Mathematics | Henri Poincaré and Heinz Hopf |
| Poincaré recurrence theorem
Poincaré conjecture Poincaré lemma |
Mathematics | Henri Poincaré |
| Poiseuille’s law | Fluidics | Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille |
| Poisson distribution
Poisson’s equation |
Statistics
Calculus |
Siméon Denis Poisson |
| Price’s theorem | Natural selection | George R. Price |
| Ptolemy’s theorem | Geometry | Ptolemy |
| Pythagorean theorem | Geometry | Pythagoras |
| Raman scattering | Physics | Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman |
| Rado’s theorem | Discrete mathematics | Richard Rado |
| Ramanujan–Nagell equation | Mathematics | Srinivasa Ramanujan and Trygve Nagell |
| Raoult’s law | Physical chemistry | François-Marie Raoult |
| Riemann zeta function
Riemann hypothesis Riemann integral Riemann lemma Riemannian manifold Riemann sphere Riemann theta function |
Number theory, analysis, geometry | Bernhard Riemann |
| Rolle’s theorem | Differential calculus | Michel Rolle |
| Saha ionization equation | Plasma physics | Meghnad Saha |
| Schrödinger equation | Physics | Erwin Schrödinger |
| Sérsic’s law | Astrophysics | J. L. Sérsic |
| Snell’s law | Optics | Willebrord van Roijen Snell |
| Sokolov–Ternov effect | Particle Physics | Arsenij Sokolov and Igor Ternov |
| Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law | Spectroscopy | Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel |
| Stefan–Boltzmann law | Thermodynamics | Jožef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann |
| Stokes’s law | Fluid mechanics | George Gabriel Stokes |
| Stoletov’s law | Photoelectric effect | Aleksandr Stoletov |
| Tarski’s undefinability theorem
Tarski’s axioms |
Mathematical logic, Geometry | Alfred Tarski |
| Thales’s theorem | Geometry | Thales |
| Titius–Bode law | Astrophysics | Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Elert Bode |
| Torricelli’s law | Physics | Evangelista Torricelli |
| Umov effect | Physics | Nikolay Umov |
| Van der Waals equation | Chemistry | Johannes Diderik van der Waals |
| Vlasov equation | Plasma physics | Anatoly Vlasov |
| Von Neumann bicommutant theorem
Von Neumann entropy von Neumann paradox Von Neumann ergodic theorem Von Neumann universe Von Neumann neighborhood Von Neumann’s trace inequality |
Mathematics, Quantum mechanics | John von Neumann |
| Weinberg–Witten theorem | Quantum Gravity | Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten |
| Weyl character formula | Mathematics | Hermann Weyl |
| Wien’s law | Physics | Wilhelm Wien |
| Wiener–Khinchin theorem | Mathematics | Norbert Wiener and Aleksandr Khinchin |
| Young–Laplace equation | Fluid dynamics | Thomas Young and Pierre-Simon Laplace |
| Zipf’s law | Linguistics | George Kingsley Zipf |
Check also: General Science MCQs for CSS
Read also: Science and its Branches
The Concept of “Rule of Law” is an integral part of the British constitution. Explain this in the light of Dicey’s Exposition on the rule of law. Also elaborate its present day modern concept in a state. (CSS Constitutional Law Paper 2016)
The rule of law is a term that is often used but difficult to define. A frequently heard saying is that the rule of law means the government of law, not men. But what is meant by “a government of law, not men”? Aren’t laws made by men and women in their roles as legislators? Don’t men and women enforce the law as police officers or interpret the law as judges?
The idea of the rule of law has been around for a long time. Many societies, including our own, have developed institutions and procedures to try to make the rule of law a reality. These institutions and procedures have contributed to the definition of what makes up the rule of law and what is necessary to achieve it.