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Constitutional Law CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Parliamentary – Constitutional Structure | CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Parliamentary - Constitutional Structure CSS Constitutional Law Notes

Parliamentary – Constitutional Structure
CSS Constitutional Law Notes

The modern concept of prime ministerial government originated in the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) and its contemporary, the Parliamentary System in Sweden (1721–1772)

In a parliamentary system, by contrast, the legislature holds supreme power. The prime minister is chosen by members of the legislature (Parliament) from among their own number and in practice is the leader of the majority party in the legislature. The cabinet members must also belong to the legislature, where they are subject to the same kind of questioning that the prime minister experiences. If the prime minister loses the support of the majority in the legislature on a significant vote, he or she must resign, and elections are called immediately. Thus, whereas in the United States, elections are held at fixed intervals, in Britain and other parliamentary countries, they may occur at any time, the only restriction being (in Britain) that they must be held at least once every five years.

This form of government exists in countries like Britain, Pakistan, India and Canada. The Features of Parliamentary Form of Government has been discussed below:

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects World General Knowledge

A Chronology of Key Events of US History

A Chronology of Key Events of US History

A Chronology of Key Events of US History

1565 – First permanent European settlement in North America United States profile – St Augustine, present-day Florida – founded by the Spanish. North America is already inhabited by several distinct groups of people, who go into decline following the arrival of settlers.

1607 – Jamestown, Virginia, founded by English settlers, who begin growing tobacco.

War of Independence

1775 – American Revolution: George Washington leads colonist Continental Army to fight against British rule.

1776 4 July – Thomas Jefferson’s American Declaration of Independence endorsed by Congress; colonies declare independence.

1781 – Rebel states form loose confederation, codified in Articles of Confederation, after defeating the British at the Battle of Yorktown.

1783 – Britain accepts loss of colonies by virtue of Treaty of Paris.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects Gender Studies

Gender Studies Notes | Theories of Social Construction of Gender

Theories of Social Construction of Gender

CSS Gender Studies Notes

What are the theories of social construction of gender? (CSS-2016)

Social construction is something you might not be aware of. You are somewhat living in segregation depending on what gender, race and class you are. Race, class and gender don’t really mean anything. They only have a meaning because society gives them a meaning. Social construction is how society groups people and how it privileges certain groups over others. For example, you are a woman or a man because society tells you that you are, not because you choose to be. Simple as that. Just like it tells you what race you’re classified as and what social class you belong in. It is all just a social process that makes us differentiate between what’s “normal” and what’s not “normal.”

According to the author of “Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender,”, Judith Lorber (born November 28, 1931) is Professor Emerita of Sociology and Women’s Studies at The CUNY Graduate Center and Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.) the social construction of gender begins “with the assignment to a sex category on the basis of what the genitalia look like at birth” When a baby is born, the first thing a doctor does is look at the baby’s genitalia in order to determine whether it will be a boy or a girl; this is the beginning of the gender process of social construction. After they are classified as boy or girl, parents become part of this societal process as they start dressing them with colors that identify their gender. The “normal” thing to do in this case would be for baby girls to be dressed in pink and baby boys to be dressed in blue. It is just not normal to dress your baby boy in pink or your baby girl in blue, right? The reason for this is because society has made colors become a symbol to distinguish boys from girls. After this, as children grow up they start learning how they are supposed to act by observing and imitating the people of the same gender as them; girls should act like their mommy and boys should act like their daddy. Each gender is expected to dress and act in a certain way, but these behaviors then lead to stereotypes.

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CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

Introduction to Gender Studies | CSS Gender Studies Notes

Introduction to Gender Studies | CSS Gender Studies Notes

Introduction to Gender Studies

Gender Studies is an academic area of study that critically examines how gender shapes our identities, our social interactions and our world. Through exposure to interdisciplinary perspectives, students develop a framework for thinking about power relations and the ways that those relations are shaped and challenged by intersecting constructions of gender, race, class, sexuality, ability, age and nationality. Gender Studies examines everyday experiences, social and political institutions, literary and philosophical contributions, and past and present ideas and world events. The discipline provides students with tools to engage with and critically analyze these areas.

The field is struggling for the meaning of gender in this society. There are many societal factors that may endorse the study and even some elements negate them. The supporters of the gender studies pursuit it for the sake of general interest and the elements who negates it are doing so at individual basis. There is only one subject, introduced by the societal thinkers, impartial scholars and true learners about the gender studies, so that students can get familiar with gender at broad perspective. Under the normal circumstances, the four dimensions of this segment of the society studied in Gender studies.

Gender/sex plays a role in almost all spheres of life. It is an important aspect of politics and economy. It has an impact on everything from working life to intimate relations. It makes itself felt in war and in love.

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International Relations International Relations MCQs MCQs

International Relations MCQs | International Political Economy

International Relations MCQs | International Political Economy

International Relations MCQs | International Political Economy

1) Which of the following countries are top three largest shareholders in Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)?
(a) China, India and Australia
(b) China, Australia and Canada
(c) China, India and Russia
(d) China, Russia and India
Answer: (c)

2) World oil prices increased to over $140 per barrel in the summer of 2008 primarily because of ______.
(a) Rapid growth in demand from India and China
(b) Increased exploitation of reserves in the Caspian region
(c) Reduction in aggregate OPEC production levels
(d) The usual increase in summer travel
Answer: (a)

3) The HIPC program was designed to deal with the debt problems of ___ countries.
(a) Formerly communist
(b) Poor developing
(c) Latin American
(d) Scandinavian
Answer: (b)

4) The main change in the international trade regime between 1945 and the present was _______.
(a) an increase in average tariff levels
(b) a decline in the volume and value of trade
(c) the creation of a more ambitious trade regime (the WTO)
(d) the return to a gold standard
Answer: (b)

5) The share of developing countries in world trade is around
(a) 10%
(b) 30%
(c) 40%
(d) 50%
Answer: (b)

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International Relations International Relations MCQs MCQs

International Relations MCQs | Strategic Approach to International Relation

Strategic Approach to International Relations MCQs

International Relations MCQs

Strategic Approach to International Relation

How does domestic terrorism differ from state-sponsored terrorism?
(a) Domestic terrorism is sponsored by another government.
(b) State-sponsored terrorism is only used against military targets.
(c) Domestic terrorism is only used against military targets.
(d) Domestic terrorism has no ties to other governments.
Answer: (d)

Which of the following is generally not considered to be a cause of war?
(a) God’s will
(b) Human nature
(c) Economics
(d) The international system
Answer: (a)

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Constitutional Law CSS Notes CSS Optional subjects

CSS Constitutional Law Notes | Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations

CSS Constitutional Law Notes | Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations

Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations

(Presidential, Parliamentary and Hybrid Systems)

The relations among a country’s governing institutions differ depending on whether a country has a presidential, parliamentary or hybrid political system. Although each country has its own variance on these political typologies, some conclusions have been drawn about the characteristics of each of these systems and their relationship to political conflict and executive and legislative power. These generalizations are useful for helping to determine characteristics of political systems of other nations three aspects of executive-legislative relations:

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CSS Optional subjects International Relations International Relations MCQs MCQs

International Relations MCQs | International Political Security Solved MCQs

International Relations MCQs

International Relations MCQs

International Political Security Solved MCQs

Who among the following have emphasized the environmental factor in decision-making approach?
(a) Graham Allison and Ole Holsti
(b) Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils
(c) Harold and Margaret Sprout
(d) Herbert Simon and J.W Burton
Answer. (c)

Who among the following made the statement “Sovereignty is the supreme power of State, over citizens and subjects unhindered by law”?
(a) J. Bodin
(b) H. Gardner
(c) Harold J. Laski
(d) Ayatollah Rohallah Khomeini
Answer. (a)

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Which one of the following statements is not applicable to Morgehthau’s theory?
(a) The master key is the concept of interest defined in terms of power
b) Power is man’s control over the minds and actions of men
(c) Political realism takes a fixed meaning of interest
(d) Politics is governed by objective laws having roots in human nature
Answer. (c)

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Articles Current Affairs General International Relations

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on Kashmir (By: Dr.Zeeshan Khan)

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on Kashmir (By Dr.Zeeshan Khan)

Sun Tzu in his book ‘The Art of War’ says that the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting. Recently, the painful story of Kashmir again started after revocation Of Article 370 and 35A Of Indian Constitution which was also the part of the manifesto of Indian Ruling BJP. Pakistan’s Prime Minister Imran Khan addressed joint session of his parliament and later parliament of Azad Kashmir to warn Indian Prime Minister Narender Modi against implementation of Hitler’s Nazi Mentality in Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. In IOJ&K, more than twelve days of curfew, presence of extra troops in an already heavily militarised occupied territory. Additionally, sending in of RSS goons, complete communication blackout; with the example of Modi’s earlier ethnic cleansing of Muslims in Gujarat. Will world silently witness another Srebrenica-type massacre and ethnic cleansing of Muslims in IOJ&K? Pakistan wanted to warn that it will have severe repercussions and reactions in all over the world setting off radicalisation and cycles of violence.

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Current Affairs EBooks International Relations

The Conflict Locator | Download Complete in PDF FREE (for Current Affairs, International Relations)

The Conflict Locator | | Download Complete in PDF FREE (for Current Affairs, International Relations)

The Conflict Locator | Download Complete in PDF FREE (for Current Affairs, International Relations)

Words are bound and knowledge is limited to praise Almighty Allah, the lord of the Universe, the Beneficent, Merciful and the Gracious. Who is the entire source of all knowledge and wisdom endowed to humanity and who presented us in a Muslim community, whose blessing are the cherish fruits of my thoughts and modest effort in the form of this manuscript. The blessings of Allah give to us the ability to contribute a drop of material to the existing ocean of scientific knowledge.

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