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December 2018

Day by Day Current Affairs (December 18, 2018) | MCQs for CSS, PMS, NTS

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Essays Outlines

Good Governance Essay Outline & Introduction | (CSS Paper-2016)

Good Governance Essay Outline

Introduction

Key attributes of good governance

  • Transparency
  • Responsibility
  • Accountability
  • Participation&
  • Responsiveness

How are good governance and human rights linked?

  • Democratic institutions
  • Service delivery
  • Rule of law
  • Anti-corruption

Good Governance in Pakistan

Brief History of Governance in Pakistan

Causes of Bad Governance

  • Lack of accountability
  • Absence of rule of law
  • Incompetent politicians and martial laws
  • Relentless corruption
  • Corrupt politicians
  • No system of check & balance in the constitution
  • Limited power of judiciary
  • Negative role of bureaucracy
  • Many social, political and economic problems due to bad governance

Suggestions

  • Check & balance on politicians
  • Democratic process should be fair
  • Effective accountability
  • Independence of judiciary
  • Promote education to create awareness
  • Strengthen democracy
  • Amendment in the constitution to ensure good governance

Conclusion


EXPECTED QUESTIONS

  • Define Good Governance. Why did Governance fail in Pakistan?
  • What are the various pre-requisite of Good Governance?
  • Give some practical measures to implement Good Governance in Pakistan?

Good Governance ESSAY (Introduction)

“Gender equality is more than a goal in itself It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.-Kofi Annan

Good governance has been said at various times to encompass: full respect of human rights, the rule of law, effective participation, multi-actor partnerships, political pluralism, transparent and accountable processes and institutions, an efficient and effective public sector, legitimacy, access to knowledge, information and education, political empowerment of people, equity, sustainability, and attitudes and values that foster responsibility, solidarity and tolerance.

Good governance relates to political and institutional processes and outcomes that are deemed necessary to achieve the goals of development. It has been said that good governance is the process whereby public institutions conduct public affairs, manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law. The true test of “good” governance is the degree to which it delivers on the promise of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. The key question is: are the institutions of governance effectively guaranteeing the right to health, adequate housing, sufficient food, quality education, fair justice and personal security?

The concept of good governance has been clarified by the work of the former Commission on Human Rights. In its resolution 2000/64, the Commission identified the key attributes of good governance:

Transparency, responsibility, accountability, participation & responsiveness (to the needs of the people)

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CSS Study Material World General Knowledge

Countries That No Longer Exist | World General Knowledge

As countries merge, split, or just decide to change their name, the list of “missing” countries that no longer exist grows.

1) Abyssinia
The name of Ethiopia until the early 20th century.

2) Austria-Hungary
A monarchy (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire) that was established in 1867 and included not just Austria and Hungary, but also parts of the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, Romania, and the Balkans. The empire collapsed at the end of World War I.

3) Basutoland
Lesotho’s name prior to 1966.

4) Bengal
An independent kingdom from 1338-1539, now part of Bangladesh and India.

5) Burma
Burma officially changed its name to Myanmar in 1989 but many countries still aren’t recognizing the change, such as the United States.

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December 2018

Day by Day Current Affairs (December 17, 2018) | MCQs for CSS, PMS, NTS

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December 2018

Day by Day Current Affairs (December 16, 2018) | MCQs for CSS, PMS, NTS

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Islamic Studies

Profile of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by: Qurat ul Ain (1st in PMS 2017)

Profile of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by: Qurat ul Ain (1st in PMS 2017)

Profile of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)| Introduction

Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was born in 570 CE (Common Era) in the city of Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula, part of modern day Saudi Arabia. As his father had died shortly after marriage, his grandfather ‘Abd al-Muttalib became his guardian. ‘Abd al-Muttalib was the respected head of the clan of Hashim and the tribe of Quraysh, to which his clan belonged. With the Quraysh being the biggest and most influential tribe in Mecca, ‘Abd al-Muttalib was seen as the master of all of Mecca. The Quraysh had a special status in Mecca because they used to be in charge of the sacred Ka’ba. The Qur’an tells us that this holy edifice was built by Prophets Abraham and his son Ishmael: Profile of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House [Abraham prayed]: “Our Lord! Accept from us; surely You are the Hearing, the Knowing (2.127). Our Lord! Make us Muslims and raise from our offspring a nation of Muslims. Show us our ways of worship, and relent toward us. Surely, Your are the Relenting, the Merciful” (2.128).

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December 2018

Day by Day Current Affairs (December 15, 2018) | MCQs for CSS, PMS, NTS

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December 2018

Day by Day Current Affairs (December 14, 2018) | MCQs for CSS, PMS, NTS

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Articles General

Altered stages of Friendship over time.

What is Friendship?

Meaning of friendship

 

Friendship is basically is the relationship between two or more people who understand each other deeply and thoroughly. It is that special bond that develops sometimes instantly and at times gradually. Friends are an important part of most people’s lives. Research has recently shown that having friends increases our chances of being happy. Friendships are among the most important relationships you’ll have in your life. Many of your favourite memories probably include times you’ve spent with friends. If a potential new friend doesn’t see the same joyous charms in you as your best friend sees, it’s unlikely that anything deep and lasting will come of it. There’s no telling when and where a friendship will develop.

Why is Friendship important?

Friends can dare us, perplex us, and sometimes, we might speculate why we hassle. But friendship is as significant to our wellbeing as eating right and exercising. Friendships help us grow through each year of our lives. The friends we congregate in school teach us how to be enduring, wait our turn, reach out, and try new hobbies. When we budge into young adulthood we discover more about taking responsibility, finding a career path, and seeking out people as mentors.

As we persist into our 40’s and beyond, we learn to withstand the ups and downs in life, and once again friends provide a sounding board and place for us to grow. Friendship is a key to our success with all our relationships and it can construct a sense of rationale in our lives. Those throbbing times when we might be without friends also help us to appreciate the friendships that come in and out of our lives.

Having a sturdy stream of friends lets us know that some friendships won’t last perpetually but each one brings something unusual. We learn more about ourselves and how important it is to have someone, just one person, who knows and understands you.

How friendship changes over time?

Make peace with change

When we have a glance back to our lives, we come to realize that so much has changed including our friendships. You can’t have friends with a person exactly the same way as you did before. Take for example; your high school best friend can’t be your best friend forever. People evolve over time and so do you. Friends can’t stay with each other their whole life, they got separated, get to experience many phases of life. Your friends interact with other people and make new friends and so do you. As it is necessary to socialize and interrelate.

Not every acquaintance is meant to stay in our lives forever. In fact, most friendships end at some point, for a diversity of reasons.  Friends may drift apart because their lives abruptly change (as in the case of a new job, marriage, or baby), or when they no longer share the same things in common.

Another reason friends drift is a lack of trust. In other cases, however, two friends will simply just grow apart. This is typical of friends who are close during pivotal times in life, like during school years or when you start a new job. Then, as their lives change, so does their friendship. And it’s completely okay, because it the part of life, it’s how we groom. We come to realize how things are and how to deal with them without your best friend by you.

Accepting the friendship modification:

New is good

It’s hard to let go of any friendship, especially one that just sort of fizzles out at the end. But every friendship adds something to your life, so appreciate your friend for however long they were in your life and for whatever they taught you. Every friend teaches us a little bit about ourselves.

To accept that your friendship that has drifted apart, know that you can get conclusion all by yourself. You don’t need to “hash it out” with a friend in order to emotionally say goodbye.

Allow yourself time to grieve, because there will be sad feelings that you’ll need to feel and work through, but don’t beat yourself up about the fact that the friendship is over. Things like these happen and sometimes for a good reason. You can’t probably experience the same things with all your friends. Every person that you are friends with ought to teach you something. To experience the certain aspect of life. The beautiful, special thing about friendship that friends are friends because they want to be, that they choose each other.

A good friend is all you need.

Real friend is a miracle

You might see your friends every day, once a year, or less. Or, you might hardly see them, but keep in touch by phone, email, or online.

Friends might come and go, they might make you laugh and cry, but most importantly of all, they love you for who you are. It doesn’t matter what a person looks like or what kind of clothes they wear. It’s what’s on the inside that counts and your friends should know that about you.

Likewise, having friends means you’ve a responsibility to be there for them too, even when the going gets tough. A good friend will be the one who will not judge you on anything and will not hurt your feelings. They’ll always have the time to hear what you have to say. Because no matter the distances, no matter you don’t talk to them every day, you’ll still have that special kind of bond that’ll never break. A good friend will eventually become your best friend because they are the ones with whom you’ll talk about everything and with absolutely nothing. You’ll laugh with them like crazy. These are the moments to cherish and friendships like these are the ones to appreciate.

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English (Precis and Composition)

A Critical Précis Characteristics (By: NICS)

When assigned to write a critical précis, make sure you understand its characteristics which are:

  1. A précis is a critical summary of writing abstracts.
  2. A précis is NOT re-writing or interpretation of the original.
  3. It is NOT written with words from the original, though you are welcome to use some quotes if appropriate.
  4. It summarizes the content of the original.
  5. A précis reveals a meaning of the original and explains its value.
  6. As a rule, a précis is 1/4 of the original in length, except as noted.
  7. It follows the standard format: an author’s thesis and methods he uses to represent it, results, and conclusion.