The Relevance of INTERNATIONAL LAW in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
International laws are rules which relate to the functioning of individuals, institutions and states in the international arena. International law has various ingredients including general principles of law and justice, which are equally suited to regulating the conduct of individuals, organizations within a state and states themselves.
The source of all human actions is the mind. There are two states of the mind with regard to it being the source of actions. The first is that there are no particular concepts deeply embedded in it. Instead, various scattered thoughts pass through it and whichever amongst these are strong become the stimuli for actions that are undertaken by the possessor of this mind. The second state is one in which the mind no longer remains the abode of such stray thoughts, and instead a few distinctive concepts become so deeply rooted in that the bearer’s practical life permanently comes under their influence. Instead of taking unfocused actions, this mind becomes the center of organized and disciplined acts. The first state may be likened to a public road that is open for use by all and is not a restricted thoroughfare. The other state is like a mould that gives rise to parts of a specific design and distinct appearance.
When the human mind is in the first state we say that it does not have a character. The bearded of such mind could be Shaitan or could be an angel. There is unpredictability in his temperament. In cannot be said with certainty as to what kind of actions such and individual may carry out at any given time. On the contrary, when a person comes into the second state we say that he has a character and that there is a discipline and a certain order in his practical life. It can now be predicted with confidence as to what actions such an individual would carry out under certain given conditions.
The RCD was came into being in the year:
(a) 1960
(b) 1964
(c) 1968
(d) 1970
Answer: b
EBDO (Elected Bodies Disqualification Order) was promulgated in:
(a) 1956
(b) 1959
(c) 1960
(d) 1962
Answer: b
The All-India Mohammadan Educational Conference was founded in:
(a) 1886
(b) 1887
(c) 1890
(d) 1896
Answer:. a
The Queen Victoria’s proclamation was issued in:
(a) 1880
(b) 1883
(c) 1858
(d) 1890
Answer: c
101. Who was Lord Edward Samuel Montague?
(a) Secretary of State for India
(b) Governor of Bengal
(c) Viceroy of India
(d) Governor-General of India
Answer: a
102. Who presided over the first meeting of Khilafat Committee?
(a) Abdul Bari
(b) M.A. Johar
(c) Maulana Fazal-ul-Haq
(d) Ghandhi
Answer: c
103. When Ayub Khan decided to abdicate:
(a) March 25, 1969
(b) March 30, 1969
(c) March 15, 1970
(d) April 20, 1970
Answer: a
Eat one’s heart out:
(To make oneself ill by being unhappy, by longing for something one cannot have etc.) – The little girl was eating her heart out because she was not allowed to have a dog.
Every now and then:
(frequently, after the lapse of short intervals) – Every now and then a countryman would burst into tears.
The history of mankind makes tragic reading. Down through the ages, we come across a series of sequences of the rise, growth, decline and fall, not only of nations but even of their civilizations and cultures. No doubt, man has all along shown a remarkable constructive genius, having attained many an awe-inspiring successes, despite occasional set-backs and natural catastrophes, but his constructive genius was always undermined by some inherent weakness underlying his ideas, or his way of life which ultimately brought about a disastrous end to his efforts. Nevertheless, there have been some notable exceptions in the series of sequences when the idea of universal welfare of mankind took practical shape, but the main characteristic in all those civilizations, always remained one of frustration. Man struggled hard to find some satisfactory solution to his problems, but failed. Human intellect, limited as it is helped him little, because it is not aware of any source of knowledge other than itself. There was only one guide left for mankind in this difficult quest; and that confidently proclaimed competency to lead them to their goal:” The God that has created all the objects in the universe has also undertaken to make them aware of their goal and guide them towards it, (20:50) The guidance, which comes directly from God, is known as “Revelation”. It has all along been revealed to mankind through the agency of various Anbiya. But, unfortunately, due to the ravages of time and human tampering with it, the text of the Scriptures, the message delivered by the pre-Islamic Anbiya, could not be preserved long in their original form. Eventually, about fourteen centuries ago, the complete and final version of that Guidance was revealed to mankind through Mohammed (P.B.U.H.), the last of the series of Anbiya. This version of the Divine Guidance is embodied exactly in its original form in the Quran.
Weapons are not the causes but the consequences of conflictive relations. A historical survey of the arms race indicates that during the past two centuries this form of international competition often ends peacefully in recognition of the military superiority of one side or the other.
Countries which have no adequate defense tempt aggressors and therefore preparing for war is the best way to achieve peace.
Arms and arms races are costly and potentially very bloody. Arms reduction can curtail defense burden and allow economic investment for more productive purposes.
The unchecked growth of armaments without economic means can lead to internal repression and external aggression.
In the history of Pakistan, March 23 has a special significance. On this momentous day, in 1940, the historic resolution of Muslim ideological state was passed in Lahore. 100,000 people attended it from subcontinent of India. Through this historic gathering, the Muslim of subcontinent gave a message to the world and to the British and Hindu particularly that they are competent enough to create a separate homeland for themselves. Thus, Pakistan day reminds us the struggle of our fore fathers faced to attain a separate homeland for us.
Pakistan day is adoption of Pakistan resolution by Muslim League at the Minaar e Pakistan. Pakistan resolution 1940 was a major step towards realization of dreams of Muslims of subcontinent.
1) What is the point of origin of an earthquake?
(a) Epicenter
(b) Focus
(c) Foreshock
(d) Scarp
(e) Seismograph
Answer: (b)
The exact point where the earthquake actually starts deep inside the earth’s crust (the point of origin) is called the focus, or hypocenter.
2) What is the point on the surface nearest the earthquake?
(a) Epicenter
(b) Focus
(c) Foreshock
(d) Scarp
(e) Seismograph
Answer: (a)
The epicenter is the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins
3) Places experiencing equal impact of an earthquake are called (CSS-2012)
(a) Snowlines
(b) seismic belts
(c) Seismic lines
(d) None of these
Answer: (c)
4) Where do most earthquakes occur?
(a) Along dikes
(b) Along faults
(c) Along folds
(d) Along joints
(e) Along unconformities
Answer: (b)
Earthquakes can also occur far from the edges of plates, along faults. Faults are cracks in the earth where sections of a plate (or two plates) are moving in different directions. Faults are caused by all that bumping and sliding the plates do. They are more common near the edges of the plates.
5) What is the standardized distance from an earthquake epicenter for measuring Richter magnitudes?
(a) 0 km
(b) 10 km
(c) 100 km
(d) 500 km
(e) 1000 km
Answer: (c)
Richter established 100 km as the standard distance from an earthquake epicenter to measure Richter magnitude with a Wood-Anderson seismograph.