CSS English Essay
Total Marks: 100
1.1) In modern age of global integrating politics, Muslim world is fast disintegrating on sectarian lines.
1.2) Sectarian decision has now exacerbated by taking ethnic and intra-sect forms posing direct treat to the stability of the Muslim and the wider world.
1.1 Rampant culture of corruption in Pakistan is a scourge not only to the democratic institutions but also to the state of economy that hampers economic growth (i.e GDP) and human capital.
1.2 Historical overview of corruption in Pakistan
a) Practicing of corrupt policies by the exiled members of political parties. i.e: MQM movement led by Mr. Altaf Hussain gave extortion to his workers to undergo violence.
b) Rental power plant case, Hajj Scam are some of other examples
1.1 Climate change has affected all regions of the world due to the man-made activities which contribute to greenhouse gases.
1.2 Climate change has affected the most vulnerable regions by posing threat to the lives of living beings, polluting the environment and damaging the agriculture.
2.1 Melting of glaciers has resulted in the rising of sea levels.
2.2 Less rainfall has resulted in droughts, famines and epidemics.i.e; Thar in Pakistan.
1. Introduction
1.1 Border skirmishes lead to antagonism
1.2 Bloodshed over the borders poisons the relationship among countries.
2. Why do borders remain disturbed?
2.1 Unspecified demarcation of borders lead to antagonism among countries.
2.2 Cross-border terrorism and proxy wars result in retaliation.
2.3 Economic inequalities among countries. i.e; India-Pak over water.
2.4 Historical rivalries among countries. i.e; Pak-Afghan Durand line.
2.5 Civil warsi.e; Yemen, Syria
1.1 Nuclear weapons are the weapons of mass destruction that engulf the whole region into fumes.
1.2 Nuclear weapons besides endangering human lives and infrastructures also give a hope for a country to survive through deterrence.
1.3 Historical overview of nuclear weapons as great peril
a) Mass destructions of cities in Japan, WWII. i.e; Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
b) Spreading of cancer diseases that continued for generations due to the radiations of nuclear weapons.
c) Explosion of nuclear reactors. i.e; Chernobyl incident, Fukushima incident – led thousands of people to evacuate from their places.
1. Introduction
– Water crisis – number one global risk based upon its impact on society (World Economic forum 2015).
– Water Scarcity – a nightmare scenario for Pakistan, despite it having the world’s largest glaciers.
– Pakistan being a single basin country is facing challenges of water scarcity.
– Pakistan among the 36 most water stressed countries.
2. Overview of the Current Situation of water crisis in Pakistan.
2.1 IMF report throwing light on the severity of Pakistan’s water crisis.
(a) Pakistan has the world’s 4th highest rate of water use.
(b) Pakistan is the 3rd water stressed country in the world.
(c) The aquifer in the Indus basin is the 2nd most stressed in the world.
1. Introduction
1.1) Hate speech adds fire to the fuel as it brings global chaos through blasphemy and cultural sensitivities.
2. Ideology and the historical perspective of the free speech(in western context)
2.1) In the constitution of US, UK and other western states.
2.2) Hate speech of anti-Islam brings turmoil. i.e; (new US president) Trump’s Islamophobia.
3. Why should free speech have limitations?
3.1) Global chaos- A direct fall out of the unbridled speech
3.1.1) Political unrest across the world owing to violation of the human rights. 3.1.2) Anti-Muslim speeches and ill-will among countries and religious community 3.1.3) Sectarian gaps by refusing privileged rights to minorities.
The incidents of controversial statements for sacred religious personalities and resultant issues have been created in Pakistan from 2010 to 2016.
3.2) Eruptions of the extremism as the corollary of free speech
3.2.1) Clash of civilization.
3.2.2) Distrust and Hostility deteriorating the social fabric
3.2.3) Violent public reaction at derogatory remarks and the reciprocity goes on e.g. two people attack the French Magazine for publishing blasphemous carricatures rendering 12 staff members dead. In return there began another series of offensive acts.
3.3. ‘Free speech’ serving as a tool for the western agenda
3.3.1) Bias against the Islamic norms and preaching.
3.3.2) Contradictory reaction towards the ‘Free speech’ demonstrated by Western powers e.g:-
i) Favouring Satanic verses by Sulman Rushdi
ii) Blasphemous movie ‘Innocence of Muslims’ in 2012
iii) Blasphemous carricatures with derogatory remarks published in Denmark in 2008 and by ‘Charlie Hebdo’ now – all in the pretext of freedom of speech but intolerance at demonstrations against these acts taking place all over the world.
1. Introduction
2. UN Charter – Its features
3. How has the UN failed to measure up to the demands of its charter?
3.1 The UN’s failure on Political Front:
b. Failed to come up with the peaceful resolution of international disputes.
c. Failed to ensure the Right of Self Determination to all peoples.
d. Unable to ensure Sovereign Equality of the weaker states
i. The recent invasions breaching the laws regarding ‘Use of Force’
ii. Violation of Territorial Integrity of weaker states
iii. Violation of Geneva Conventions
3.2 The UN’s letdown in the Security Domain:
a. Growing Nuclearization of the world – A threat to international peace and security
i. Nuclear Arms race in South Asia
ii. GCC states threatened to start their own unclear program.
b. Escalating political and maritime disputes – A menace for universal peace
i. Disputes in South-China Sea
ii. Re-militarization of Japan
iii. Russian resurgence— Beginning of a new Cold War
c. Emergence of Complex Transnational Issues
i. Terrorism – ISIS, Boko Haram, Al Qaeda,
ii. Vicious Wave of proxy and civil wars
iii. Exacerbating environmental conditions
iv. Global Refugee Crisis
1. Introduction
a. Deciphering the key terms
b. How technology has superseded humanity
2. How technology has superseded humanity at various levels
a. At intelligence level
i) Machine’s computational power has surpassed human intelligence
ii) Human being’s growing dependence on machines erodes its intellectual capabilities
iii) Future is “robotic” ;rise of ‘artificial intelligence’
b. At socio-economic level
i) Technology replacing manpower ; a case of growing unemployment
ii) ‘Artificial intelligence’ machines; moral fallouts
iii) In medical field ; ignoring emotional aspect of healing
iv) Advancement in communication technology; limiting real life interactions
c. In strategic domain
i) Warfare technology; no regard for human suffering
ii) Nuclear bombs and weapons of mass destruction
iii) Military and intelligence surveillance; encroachment of privacy
iv) Space surveillance and drone attacks; an onslaught on state sovereignty
v) Guided missiles and misguided souls
1. Introduction
1.1 Street power derails democracy when government fails to provide equity.
2. Historical emergence of street power
2.1 Martial laws deprived people of their civil rights. i.e. NSF launched in Ayub Khan era.
2.2 Blame game of political parties over their vested interests.